Living Without A Housing Infrastructure - 981 Words

Having a place to go home to every night, that provides you with safety, shelter and comfort is necessary for one to reach there potential. Unfortunately, not everyone has this luxury — we live in a society where individuals lack the basic necessities needed to succeed. Many citizens live without a housing infrastructure to provide them with protection and security; both of which are crucial for an individual to be successful in modern society. Throughout the course we looked at multiple organizations and programs that were created to directly benefit those struggling to afford housing. One of these organizations is Bridges out of poverty, which was put in place to give back to the community by building individuals working skills and by moving the homeless off the streets and into homes where they can begin to rebuild their lives. The second company we looked at is a leader in the development of affordable housing internationally. Options for homes is an organization that g ives individuals who are living in poverty a chance to rent a home or an apartment for an affordable price. This provides them with a chance for financial freedom therefore increasing their quality of life. The Last organization that shared this same goal is Housing First Canada. Which focuses on those who may not have gotten all the same opportunities as others by getting them into a long term or permanent home. As seen throughout the entire course there is a strong correlation between proper housingShow MoreRelatedUrban Development : The Asian Pacific Region1740 Words   |  7 PagesTopic 2 : URBAN DEVELOPMENT â€Å"The (Asian and Pacific) region remains host to over half of the world’s slum population...At the same time, the percentage of urban population living in slums (these are households with no durable housing, insufficient living area, no access to water nor sanitation) has skyrocketed since 1990 and reached 30.6 per cent in 2010 (about 500 million people). Poverty is now growing faster in urban than in rural areas.† STATEMENT OF THE ISSUE The Asian-Pacific region is uniqueRead MoreUrbanization in Developing Countries: India1732 Words   |  7 Pagesdegenerative decay of the urban core. Increasing unemployment, pressure on infrastructure, creation of slums in the urban core of cities and environmental degradation are a few results of the unplanned haphazard urbanization. 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People in the area commonly blame computer industry for the problem. Indeed, world’s biggest IT marketplace, located in Silicon Valley, â€Å"continue to attract rich, smart people, who are willing to pay high prices†. This people’s flow in its turn boosts the region’s economy andRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The World Essay1499 W ords   |  6 Pagesout in the middle of nowhere because the landscape will have been stripped down and developed. This urbanization is becoming evident here in Gwinnett County as the roads and residential areas are becoming more and more crowded every year. The infrastructure does not support the growth of this magnitude. This overflooding of people is visible even in the communities that lie within the wake of urban encroachment. Throughout all the school systems in Georgia, Gwinnett county is the largest districtRead MoreThe Construction Of The British Indian Urban Scene1448 Words   |  6 Pagesand rural areas. 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Her small school hasRead MoreSquatter Settlement in Kenya1420 Words   |  6 PagesMANAGEMENT Housing Policy Assignment NAME: KIMOSOP KEMBOI ANTHONY EXPLANATION OF THE TERMS A. Squatter Settlement and Homelessness The term squatter is defined is obtained from squat which means to live, build on, utilize, a property of a person without his concern and his approval or without any document of ownership like allotment letter, lease letter or the Title Deed. Dictionary.com defines a squatter as a person who settles on land or occupies property without title, right or

Best Online Paper Writing Service - Overview

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Hiking Boots free essay sample

Ugh, I hate hiking, I stated out loud as my family prepared to go up the mountain. Our family never did things together as a group let alone hiking, so why were my parents so keen on starting now? And additionally, why were my sisters okay with this? Although I never went hiking, I heard horror stories that were enough to dampen my interest on the activity. Despite my contempt and complains, my parents wearily pushed me along as I prepared for the tedious path that lied ahead. For the first half of hike, I looked at my feet, barely glancing up to look around me hoping that it would make the hike go quicker. However as we took our break, I realized how much my strategy failed seeing how refreshed my family was as opposed to my panting. After our break, my father told me we didnt even begin our real hiking journey and that what we did before was only a warm up. We will write a custom essay sample on Hiking Boots or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Exasperated, I decided for the rest of the journey to cooperate with my family and make the best of our trip. Surprisingly, pointing out the radiance of the trail and actually looking at the surroundings made me appreciate the beauty of hiking and the peace that does exist in a chaotic world. As the mountain became steeper, it became a little more difficult to climb. Numerous times I stumbled, and a couple of times I fell, but with my newfound determination to reach the top and the aid of my family, I was able to continue. There were plenty of times when I wanted to recoil back into my old habits of complaining and just stop hiking, and could have if chosen, but I really wanted to reach my goal. As we approached the top, I noticed how different the aura was from when we started and the calmness that came over me. The worries I had previously, vanished and at that moment, just having my family in such a serene location was all that seemed important to me. After many hours of walking, we finally reached the top, and I was shocked. It was truly a sight to see as a beautiful sunset filled the sky with bold colors, and a sense of peacefulness surrounded me. As I traveled back down the mountain, the images were still fresh in my mind, indelible in my memory. Although in the beginning I was skeptical to hike with my family, the journey up the mountain opened new realizations to me. Since hiking, I have learned to become open minded to new experiences and to enter them willingly rather than grudgingly. Moving forward requires negative habits to cease, and Ive learned not to carry those habits because it hinders the learning process rather than build it up. Most importantly however, Ive understood the value of time spent with family and the importance of their support. It is difficult to climb a mountain given an extra ten pounds carried on your back, but minor obstacles such as those makes one that much stronger, which is applicable to the journey of life. While walki ng back to the car my mother asked us what we wanted for dinner, and after thinking for a moment I replied, lets try something new.

The Namesake Film Analysis Essay Example

The Namesake Film Analysis Essay At the start of the film, Ashoke and Ashima leave India for America and their life together begins. The move from the big city of Calcutta to the big city of New York is much lonelier because they have no family nearby and the land is unfamiliar. The climate is also different, it is winter time and the weather is cold. Ashima is learning very quickly that the living conditions are different. Ashoke explains to her that they have gas twenty-four hours a day, and the difference between hot and cold water symbols. Also there was no need for her to boil the water for drinking; she could just drink straight from the tap. Life in America is different and at times lonely, however Ashoke believes it’s the land of opportunity. When Ashima accepted her arranged marriage the cost was to leave her family of orientation behind, and all that she had ever known. The benefits were a companionship and the opportunity to build life in the U. S. Ashoke also shared the same benefits, but the costs seemed less because he had already traveled abroad. Ashoke was more familiar with U. S. culture, and had a job in New York City. We will write a custom essay sample on The Namesake Film Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Namesake Film Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Namesake Film Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He seemed to gain more immediately from the arranged marriage than Ashima because now along with his job he had a life companion. As the story evolves, Ashoke and Ashima don’t show a lot of physical affection, but it seems apparent that they care for one another as people of the same culture, learning to be together. Ashoke dreams about being physically intimate with Ashima, and that tells the viewer that he desires her. In the U. S. , relationships that are just beginning have a higher desire for physical affection and intimacy than relationships in older stages. However this could be true because in the U. S. , people are allowed to choose their partner, rather than the selection being arranged. Also a high amount of affection or display of affection is accepted by American standards, and it seemed less accepted by Indian culture. Their marriage begins as a companionate marriage, and as time progresses there is definitely a love for one another. When Ashima’s father dies, Ashoke holds her and comforts her while she cries. He is helpful with the children in the airport on the way to India, and convinces her to go to her father’s ceremony. On the family vacation to the Taj Mahal when their children are teenagers, Ashima says she always wanted to go there with him. She talks about the Taj Mahal being built out of love, and Ashoke says â€Å"all husbands love their wives they just can’t afford to build the Taj Mahal† as he holds her hand. Ashoke loves his wife, so when he is preparing to leave for Ohio he has an alarm system installed in the house to protect Ashima. He asks her to come with him, and she is concerned how he will manage by himself. Their concern for one another’s well being shows how the companionship turned into a relationship filled with love. When Ashima and Ashoke have their first child, they don’t want to name him before leaving the hospital because they were waiting for Ashima’s 85 year old grandmother to choose his name. In the U. S. , parents are required to name a child before leaving the hopsital for the birth certificate. They choose Gogol as a pet name, and wait to choose a â€Å"good name†. In Indian culture a person has two names, a pet name and a good name. When Gogol starts school, he chooses at an early age that he wants to remain being called Gogol after his parents pick the good name of Nikhil. Ashima tells Ashoke â€Å"in this country the children decide, not the parents†. This is an obvious clash of cultures, individualism prevails. As Gogol matures and is in high school he is irritated with his parents name choice of Gogol because it was his father’s favorite author not his own. He wants to change his name back to the good name of Nikhil when he goes off to college. Gogol’s view is very individualistic; he wants his own name and is about himself. His parents’ views are about the family, and the respect for the family. When the family is at the table eating, Gogol calls his parents â€Å"guys†, and Ashima says â€Å"don’t call us guys† because she wants to be respected as his mother. The clashes are both cultural and generation based. Teenagers in any culture choose not to listen to their parents, and play loud music as Gogol did in the movie. The Ganguli home is often filled with Bengali family and friends, and that provides a support system for Ashoke and Ashima. It makes the Ganguli’s feel like they did when they were in India, surrounded by family. Gogol receives some advice from his aunt before leaving for college. She tells him to have fun, but come home and marry a Bengali woman. After Gogol leaves home, he meets Maxine who is American in every sense of the word. She is in the upper social class, and Gogol is attracted to her family because they are American. They call Gogol, Nick short for Nikhil. He distances himself from his parents by not returning phones calls, and upsets Ashima when he would rather visit Maxine’s parents than his own. Gogol does decide to stop at his parents on the way to visit Maxine’s, out of possible guilt for not keeping in touch. Gogol introduces Maxine, and she calls Ashima by her first name. It’s apparent that is not the respectful introduction Ashima would have preferred. Again, a clash in cultures, and what’s considered appropriate. Gogol and Maxine leave, and Maxine states she would’ve never guessed those were his parents. Gogol celebrates his birthday with Maxine’s family and his mother cannot get in contact with him. The distance he creates with his parents deeply saddens Ashima, and will later cause a great amount of regret for Gogol. When Ashoke passes away, Ashima cannot reach Gogol so finally his sister calls to give the news of their father’s death. Gogol goes to identify his dad, and gather his father’s belongings from the apartment he was staying at in Ohio. When he sees his father and is at the apartment he is remorseful for his behavior, and decides to embrace his family along with the Indian culture. At the ceremony for Ashoke, Maxine arrives to be supportive. Gogol rejects her, and is unfair to her. She was trying to be there for him, and work out the relationship. Gogol’s intent was not to take advantage of her during the relationship, but after his father dies it seems like he only wanted to be with her at the time because she was American. His parents wanted him to marry a Bengali. Gogol went from one extreme to another. He wanted to be American and shed Indian influence, but after his father died he had regrets. So, he decided to embrace his family and cut all ties with Maxine. Gogol goes on to marry a Bengali, and the marriage doesn’t survive because his wife chooses to be with another man. Gogol feels free and sets out to travel. Ashima is told by the librarian to â€Å"follow her bliss†, and she decides to share her time in India and the U. S. I really enjoyed this movie because it shed light on arranged marriages. The hardship of coming to a strange country with a stranger, and making a beautiful family was touching. I grew fond of Ashima; she was a strong respectable woman. The movie made me think about the way the relationship grew for Ashoke and Ashima. From strangers to parents to people that really cared for one another. There are American relationships that don’t turn out near as well, and they aren’t arranged. I hadn’t given as much thought to the struggle for children whose parents aren’t born in the U. S Those children have to balance more than one culture, and fit in with their peers. Children have difficultly as it is growing up and learning about being an individual. The movie also gave an example about marrying within your culture doesn’t guarantee a lasting relationship. My own family shares some of the same values as the Ganguli’s, and that was something that helped me connect to the film.

Free Essays on Beauty Is In The Eye Of The Makeup Artist

The magical power of being able to transform a person’s appearance utilizing makeup has been a personal passion of mine for as long as I can remember. We all have something in our lives that we remember with perfect clarity the first time we discovered it. A game you loved to play or an object that you would never be seen without? For me it was cosmetics. I have been fascinated it since I was a little girl. I think that I have to credit my passion partially to my mother. When I was four or five my mom began to work the 3-11 shift at a factory. Not knowing how to tell time, I came to associate the start of the â€Å"Barney Show† with her getting ready for work. Whenever I heard the introduction song, I would get excited and head to my mothers room, waiting with anticipation, to watch her get ready. A couple of days earlier she had just given me a fabulous shiny red and white stripped make up bag, that never left my side. As she walked toward the restroom I would get butterflies in my stomach. As my mother pulled out her makeup bag from under the sink, I started to un-zip mine. She pulled out each item and set them on the counter as did I. I can remember clearly how she would put the different applicator brushes, eyes shadows, and face powders in their own little groups. I mimicked everything that she did, I would imitate with empty compact powders, lip gloss and make-believe strokes of mascara. It wasn’t until the seventh grade that I first got to experience the joy of makeup for myself. My first makeup product was lipstick. I remember going to the grocery store with my mother and walking passed the makeup section, but this time my mom walked towards the makeup aisle and said, â€Å"You have until I’m at the checkout stand to choose a lipstick, and nothing that you know I wouldn’t like†. I was so excited that it actually took the whole time to actually pick one. It had to be the right color and as any girl can tel... Free Essays on Beauty Is In The Eye Of The Makeup Artist Free Essays on Beauty Is In The Eye Of The Makeup Artist The magical power of being able to transform a person’s appearance utilizing makeup has been a personal passion of mine for as long as I can remember. We all have something in our lives that we remember with perfect clarity the first time we discovered it. A game you loved to play or an object that you would never be seen without? For me it was cosmetics. I have been fascinated it since I was a little girl. I think that I have to credit my passion partially to my mother. When I was four or five my mom began to work the 3-11 shift at a factory. Not knowing how to tell time, I came to associate the start of the â€Å"Barney Show† with her getting ready for work. Whenever I heard the introduction song, I would get excited and head to my mothers room, waiting with anticipation, to watch her get ready. A couple of days earlier she had just given me a fabulous shiny red and white stripped make up bag, that never left my side. As she walked toward the restroom I would get butterflies in my stomach. As my mother pulled out her makeup bag from under the sink, I started to un-zip mine. She pulled out each item and set them on the counter as did I. I can remember clearly how she would put the different applicator brushes, eyes shadows, and face powders in their own little groups. I mimicked everything that she did, I would imitate with empty compact powders, lip gloss and make-believe strokes of mascara. It wasn’t until the seventh grade that I first got to experience the joy of makeup for myself. My first makeup product was lipstick. I remember going to the grocery store with my mother and walking passed the makeup section, but this time my mom walked towards the makeup aisle and said, â€Å"You have until I’m at the checkout stand to choose a lipstick, and nothing that you know I wouldn’t like†. I was so excited that it actually took the whole time to actually pick one. It had to be the right color and as any girl can tel...

Xiphactinus - Facts and Figures

Xiphactinus - Facts and Figures Name: Xiphactinus (combination Latin and Greek for sword ray); pronounced zih-FACK-tih-nuss Habitat: Shallow waters of North America, western Europe and Australia Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (90-65 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and 500-1,000 pounds Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; slender body; prominent teeth with distinctive underbite    About Xiphactinus At 20 feet long and up to half a ton, Xiphactinus was the largest bony fish of the Cretaceous period, but it was far from the top predator of its North American ecosystemas we can tell from the fact that specimens of the prehistoric sharks Squalicorax and Cretoxyrhina have been discovered containing Xiphactinus remains. It was a fish-eat-fish world back in the Mesozoic Era, though, so you shouldnt be surprised to learn that numerous Xiphactinus fossils have been discovered containing the partially digested remains of smaller fish. (Finding a fish inside a fish inside a shark would be a true fossil trifecta!) One of the most famous Xiphactinus fossils contains the almost-intact remains of an obscure, 10-foot-long Cretaceous fish called Gillicus. Paleontologists speculate that the Xiphactinus died right after swallowing the fish, possibly because its still-living prey managed to puncture its stomach in a desperate attempt at escape, like the grisly extraterrestrial in the movie Alien. If this is really what happened, Xiphactinus would be the first fish known to have died from acute indigestion! One of the odd things about Xiphactinus is that its fossils have been discovered in just about the last place youd expect, the landlocked state of Kansas. In fact, during the late Cretaceous period, much of the American midwest was submerged under a shallow body of water, the Western Interior Sea. For this reason, Kansas has been a rich fossil source of all sorts of marine animals from the Mesozoic Era, not only giant fish like Xiphactinus, but various marine reptiles as well, including plesiosaurs, pliosaurs, ichthyosaurs and mosasaurs.

Last will & testament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Last will & testament - Essay Example by reason under this will, be paid out of my residuary estate; and I hereby waive on behalf of my estate any right to recover from any person any part of such taxes so paid. My Executor, in his sole discretion, may pay from my domiciliary estate all or any portion of the costs of ancillary administration and similar proceedings in other jurisdictions. In my position of being the owner of any real estate at the time of my death, do instruct and empower my Executor and my Trustee (as the case may be) to hold such real estate for investment. They may sell same, or any portion thereof, as my Executor or my Trustee (as the case may be) shall in his sole judgment determine to be for the best interest of my estate and the beneficiaries thereof. I hereby direct that my said wife shall be entitled by her last will and testament, duly probated, to appoint a successor Executor of my estate, as well as a successor Trustee or successor Trustees of all the trusts to be created under my last will and testament. If, for any reason, my said mother be unable to serve or to continue to serve as Executor and/or as Trustee, or, be deceased and shall not have appointed a successor Executor or Trustee, by virtue of her last will and testament as stated above. Then I appoint my wife, Mary Bono (Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, n.d.), as successor Executor and/or as successor Trustee of all trusts required to be established hereunder. None of the appointees named hereunder, including any appointment made by virtue of the last will and testament of my said mother, shall be required to furnish any bond or security for performance of the respective fiduciary duties required hereunder, notwithstanding any rule of law to the contrary. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. (n.d.). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved from Biographical Directory of the United States Congress:

The impact of socioeconomic inequalities on mother-child HIV Thesis

The impact of socioeconomic inequalities on mother-child HIV transmission and the therapeutic intervention in South Africa - Thesis Example Absolute poverty in this case is the inability for one to meet basic need while relative poverty is whereby individuals and the community lag behind in welfare. According to Mail Guardian (2011), almost half of South Africa population lives below the poverty line, surviving on just over R500 a month. Though poverty levels have been decreasing over time, the country still lags behind due to the high level of unemployment. It is estimated that only 41% of adults are employed (Mail Guardian 2011). According to Cox (2008), poverty has caused a significant effect on the financial power of the affected women than men. According to Rosenweig et al. (1998), lack of adequate finance, affordable housing, and skills have exposed single parents to engage in dangerous promiscuity like prostitution hence increasing their risk of contracting HIV and Aids. In South Africa, women accounts for more than 57% of individuals living with HIV (Henry 2005). Moreover, majority of women living with HIV are within 25 to 35 years (Henry 2005). This is a childbearing age hence; there is a very high likelihood of having mother-to-child HIV transmission. In response to the effect of HIV and mother-to-child transmission, the government of South Africa has come up with various intervention strategies. Among them is public health education, advocating for Caesarean section during delivery, substituting breastfeeding after delivery, use of antiretroviral drugs for the infected mothers and tax waive on antiretroviral drugs (Haarmann 2000). However, Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are the most popular of all the interventions on mother-to-child HIV transmission (Chigwedere et al. 2008). It increases child survival and decreases HIV related morbidity and mortality. For a pregnant mother to be able to use ARVs, the person goes through several phases with screening for pregnancy being the first stage. Upon

How Cooking Free

How Cooking Frees Men Article Essay This article explains how the discovery in cooking foods has dramatically changed the way we live, and the amount of time freed up by spending less time chewing. Raw food takes much longer to eat than soft cooked foods. The discovery of cooking changed our social division of labor between men and women. The Hadza tribes are foragers; hunters and gathers, and now that cooking food is possible, the men hunt for meat, while the women forage the land for anything edible. When the men come back to the village, the women hope they have meat or honey to provide, but if they come empty handed, the women have the food they have gathered already prepared for the hungry men. The men and women share their food with one another, their children, and extended family. Even though my family and I are not foragers, this sounds very similar to the same way I was brought up. My father would make the money that paid for the food, while my mother would stay home to raise us children and cook. She always had dinner ready for my father whether he was coming home from work or home after looking for a job. Either way, we always had food on our table. There were even summers that we had to pick fruit with my mother on farmers land so we can have canned fruit stock our pantry. We would forage in the fall walnuts that have fallen off a walnut tree on the side of some road, so she can make banana nut bread. As a child I was put to work on several occasions to help my mother, and that was not the same way my brothers were raised, they would be allowed to go hunting or fishing with my father. Even though my family and I are not foragers we have a lot of similarities with the Hadza tribe and how they divide their labor based upon gender and age. Foragers follow the method of hunter and gatherer, to collect their food. They form small communities of mainly family; immediate and extended family. The men hunt for food while the women and children forage for edible plants. The tribes join occasionally to celebrate things; and they share their food. The Hadza believed if a single man provided the meat for the day, he would divide the food with his family first, and then divide it amongst the rest of the tribesmen. Foraging may have been the way to gather food in the beginning of man (several small tribes still live as foragers, like the Hadza tribe). Today, America and many other countries use intensive agriculture; we use machinery to irrigate and fertilize to increase our surplus. This is necessary because of our population; we are not only a few like the foragers. We are primarily controlled through a government, as apposed to moving about with a village. My first impression of this article was not too great; I felt the writer discussed the difference of chew time within too much detail. I understand the concept of â€Å"less time chewing = more time†. What I found most interesting, and gained insight from, was the knowledge that cooking food to make it soft, freed up the time of man. Without that simple action of cooking our food, man would be very different today. Not just time wise, but that was the start of division of labor within a family. This is still practiced within many American families and tribes that still live off the land. I think a big difference between us and them (which there are a few tribal foragers still today), they live creating little impact on their environment, while we seem to not care so much about the harm we do to ours. I feel because of more time, we not only have the means to relax and socialize, but we also abuse it. We are not as active, and to some people their social part of life is their most important. So because of more time, people are becoming obese, lazy, and gossipy. That pretty much sums up over half of the American population.

Defining Beauty for Men and Women in Portraiture Essay -- Masculine Fe

Defining Beauty for Men and Women in Portraiture " ... A thing of beauty is a joy forever : It's loveliness increases ; it will never Pass into nothingness ... " What is beauty? Seemingly a continually evolving and infinitely elusive ideal - mankind has been obsessed with the concept of beauty throughout the ages. Portraiture, as an essential channel of visual communication, has traditionally been the medium through which definitions of beauty are graphically expressed. Particularly in the Renaissance where portraiture often served celebratory or commemorative purposes, it was crucial that portraits were accepted as aesthetically pleasing reflections of the social ideals of the time. Hence by comparing and contrasting a range of different portraits of depicting men and women of the Renaissance such as Titian’s La Bella, Bronzino’s Eleonora de Medici, Sofonisba Anguissola’s Self Portrait, Vasari’s Alessandro de Medici, Bronzino’s Cosimo de Medici as Orpheus and Pedro Berruguete’s Portrait of Federico da Mentelfeltro, viewers can gain an understanding of the conceptual differences in definitions of masc uline and feminine beauty during this period. Titian’s La Bella – Portrait of a Woman in a Blue Dress (1536) is a captivating example of Renaissance ritratto (portraiture) demonstrating ideals of feminine beauty. It presents the image of a vibrant young woman. With smooth, light skin tone and delicate rounded face the woman is clearly defined as an exceptional beauty. Framed at a slight angle to the picture frame, La Bella emerges from the dark neutral background with subtly averted gaze, at once both inviting and refrained. Through the conflict of La Bella’s seductive yet submissive presentation, the portrait captures the essence of Renaissance female beauty perfectly, presenting the mildly sensual nature of the woman’s image as a joy in itself. To complement her dignified demeanour, La Bella wears an amazingly intricate and extravagant blue gown. For a period when women were without a public voice and remained dependant on signs of visual identity such as clothing and jewellery, such a display of finery implies significant wealth and social status. Considering the seductive rendering of the fabric utilising costly lapis lazuli, it is clear Titian desired to present an image of ultimate feminine loveliness. The portrait is free from overt art... ...re often used as vital means of propaganda communication. Beyond these conventional images we have such images as Cosimo de Medici as Orpheus and Self Portrait by Sofonisba. Which, although rare, were recognised as beautiful portraits of the time, and present and much more unusual and intriguing visions of beauty. Through the exploration of this diverse range portraiture, the contrasting ideals of masculine and feminine beauty in the Renaissance have been explored. Yet overall, no matter what the gender orientation of the subject, it the discovery of such passionate and artistic talent presented which is essentially ‘beautiful’. Consequently, the grand appeal of such glorious images is still appreciated today, and will continue to delight viewers for generations to come. Bibliography Paola Tingali Women in Italian Renaissance Art (Manchester 1997) Geraldine A. Johnson & Sara Greico Picturing Women in Renaissance and Baroque Italy (Cambridge 1997) Patricia Simons Portraiture: Facing the Subject ed Woodhall (Manchester 1997) Lorne Campbell Renaissance Portraits (Yale 1990) Alison Cole Art of the Italian Renaissance Courts (Everyman Art Library 1997)

Random Variable and Highest Expected Profit

I. Introduction Arrowmark Vending has the contract to supply pizza at football games for a university. The operations manager, Tom Kealey, faces the challenge of determining how many pizzas to make available at the games. We have been provided with demand distributions for pizza based on past experience and know that Tom will only supply plain cheese and pepperoni and cheese combo pizzas. We also know that there is a fixed cost of $1,000 allocated equally between the two types of pizzas, and that the costs to make plain cheese pizza and pepperoni and cheese pizza are $4. 50 and $5. 0 respectively. Both pizzas sell for $9. 00 and unsold pizzas have no value. The purpose of this report is to provide Tom with some information regarding how many of each type of pizza he should produce if he wants to achieve the highest expected profit from pizza sales at the game. II. Analysis In order to determine at which production level Tom will achieve the highest expected profit, it is first necess ary to determine the potential profit or loss associated with producing at each demand level. To do this, a discrete probability distribution is composed for each potential level of production.For example, if 200 plain cheese pizzas are produced and 200 are demanded, the potential profit is $400. This profit consists of $1800 in sales revenue minus $1400 in costs ($900+$500 fixed). This profit will result regardless of whether more than 200 are demanded. Accordingly, if 400 cheese pizzas are produced and only 200 demanded, there is a potential loss of $500. Using these distributions, we are then able calculate the distribution’s mean, which is the expected value of the profits at each level of production.The expected profits in this case are the weighted average of the potential profit values, in which the weights are the probabilities. The expected profits associated with each type of pizza are provided in the tables below: | | Expected Profits at each Production Level| | | 200| 300| 400| 500| 600| 700| 800| 900| Plain Cheese Demand| 200| $40| -$5| -$50| -$95| -$140| -$185| -230| -275| | 300| $60| $128| $60| -$8| -$75| -$143| -210| -277. 5| | 400| $60| $128| $195| $128| $60| -$8| -75| -142. | | 500| $80| $170| $260| $350| $260| $170| 80| -10| | 600| $80| $170| $260| $350| $440| $350| 260| 170| | 700| $40| $85| $130| $175| $220| $265| 220| 175| | 800| $20| $43| $65| $88| $110| $133| 155| 132. 5| | 900| $20| $43| $65| $88| $110| $133| 155| 177. 5| | Total| $400 | $760 | $985 | $1,075 | $985 | $715 | $355 | $(50)| | | 300| 400| 500| 600| 700| 800| Pepperoni and Cheese Demand| 300| $70| $20| -$30| -$80| -$130| -$180| | 400| $140| $220| $120| $20| -$80| -$180| | 500| $175| $275| $375| $250| $125| $0| | 600| $175| $275| $375| $475| $350| $225| | 700| $105| $165| $225| $285| $345| $270| 800| $35| $55| $75| $95| $115| $135| | Total| $700 | $1,010 | $1,140 | $1,045 | $725 | $270 | III. Recommendation If Kealey wants to achieve the highest expected profit from p izza sales at the game, he should produce 500 cheese pizzas and 500 pepperoni and cheese pizzas. Looking at the tables, we know this is the best option because we see the highest expected profit of $1,075 associated with this production level for cheese pizza and $1,140 in profit for pepperoni and cheese pizza. This number takes into account the probabilities at each demand level, so we can be reasonably assured that this is an accurate recommendation.

Crm Banking Sector Essay

A study of customer perception of CRM initiatives in the Indian Banking Sector Vanisha Oogarah-Hanuman Lecturer Faculty of Law and Management University of Mauritius Sharmila Pudaruth Lecturer Faculty of Law and Management University of Mauritius Vinod Kumar Research Scholar Department of Management Studies School of Management Pondicherry University Victor Anandkumar Reader Department of Management Studies School of Management Pondicherry University ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the front-end effectiveness of CRM strategies in the banking sector in India by studying the customer perception of CRM initiatives. This is an empirical research which is descriptive in nature and relied mainly on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire to study the perception of Indian customers. Findings: Banks operating in India have failed to impress their customers on their CRM efforts. Various CRM initiates and dimensions measured in this study report unfavorable response. This under-performance has occurred in spite of technological developments and new processes in place Practical implications: The findings will have useful implications for Banks operating in India in order to think in line with the customers’ response. The study emphasizes the importance of retaining profitable customers for a lifetime and the growing importance of CRM in order to better satisfy customers in the Indian Banking Industry. Originality/value: Crucial aspects pertaining to CRM in the Indian banking sector had been under-researched and the aim of the present study is to have a broadened investigation of the CRM initiatives adopted by Indian banks. The study provides a discussion on the concept of CRM in the Indian banking sector and proposes recommendations to assist the banking sector on how to nurture profitable, long-term relationships with the customers Volume:01, Number:04, August-2011 www. theinternationaljournal. org Page 1 1. Introduction In today’s banking environment, it is becoming difficult to build and maintain strong and lasting relationships with customers. In fact, the challenges of building strong customer relationships have become even greater for banks with the emergence of e-business, diffusion of innovations and agile new competitors in the banking sector. The introduction of Customer Relationship Management has provided banks with a driving philosophy, a reoriented information system and a communication tool that helps to create invaluable and knowledge based relationships. Therefore, banks are developing a continuing long-term business relationship with customers and they are shifting their focus from market share to mind share of customers. The literature review has focused on the importance of CRM in the banking sector and the importance of maintaining profitable relationships with banking customers, which in turn leads to profitability through customer loyalty. Close relationship with customers will require a strong coordination between IT and marketing departments to provide a long-term retention of selected customers. Accordingly, this paper will aim to investigate important attributes which customers value as far as customer relationships in the Indian banking sector is concerned. No doubt, considerable literature on CRM is available worldwide but there is limited research throwing light over the importance of CRM in the Indian banking sector. Therefore, the paper reviews pertinent literature on CRM in the banking sector. Then, the methodology employed to collect and analyse data is outlined. Then the findings are discussed, implications are described and the paper further makes strategic recommendations towards enhancing customer relationships in the Indian banking sector. Directions for future research are also proposed in the arena of customer relationship management and banking sector. 2. The Indian Banking Sector and CRM The economic reforms initiated by the Government of India roughly about a decade ago have changed the landscape of several sectors of the Indian economy [1]. The Indian banking sector is no exception. The economic reforms have also generated new and powerful customers (huge Indian middle class) and new mix of players (public sector units, private banks, and foreign banks). The emerging competition has generated new expectations from the existing and the new customers. The new rules of competition require recognition of the importance of consumers and the necessity to address the needs through innovative products supported by new technology. Perceptions and expectations of the customers have undergone a sea change, with the innovative and modern banking services offered to the customers. This necessitates banks to include a customer-oriented approach whereby they build, maintain and manage longstanding relationships with their profitable customers in order to gain sustainable competitive edge. 3. Conceptual background Over the past two decades, the literature has argued that businesses across all sectors will have to change their approach to marketing, which should now be carried out through relationships, networks, and interactions [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Such a marketing approach is very Volume:01, Number:04, August-2011 www. theinternationaljournal. rg Page 2 different from the more traditional one based on transactions affecting the Four Ps (product, price, place and promotion). 3. 1. CRM in the Banking sector Customer relationship management (CRM) has been as important to the banking industry at the start of the 21st century as it has been to any other industry. Many banks have used CRM tools to acquire more customers and to improve relationships with them. A key aspect in banks embracing technological platforms and delivery systems is the impact this will have on bank-customer relationships. Therefore, in order to achieve banking excellence, meeting customer needs and offering innovative products is not sufficient in itself. The balance between relatively high costs of relationships with customers and the need to maintain profit growth needs to be finely tuned, if marketing is not to revert back to a transactional paradigm [8]. Likewise, increased customer expectations have created a competitive climate whereby the quality of the relationship between the customer and the institution has taken a greater significance [9, 10]. The development of effective customer relationships is widely advocated as a key element of marketing strategies in the service sector (Ennew, 1996). Therefore a binding and long-term customer relationship seems to be necessary for many banks to react to the changed conditions and to guarantee the continuity. For many customers, a strong banking relationship is as vital as any other business relationship they maintain. This gives CRM-driven banks an advantage in that customers want the benefits of a solid relationship. Common benefits for customers of banks using CRM include wider access with branch locations, Internet and ATMs; access to service and support; discount credit rates and enhanced savings; and other customization opportunities. Attracting new customers should be viewed only as an intermediate step in the marketing process. Developing close relationships with these customers and turning them into loyal ones are equal aspects of marketing. Thus relationship marketing ought to be perceived as attracting, maintaining, and in multi service organizations, enhancing customer relationships [12, 13, 14, 15]. Another important facet of CRM is customer selectivity. As several research studies have shown not all customers are equally profitable for an individual company [16]. 3. 2. Role of Service Providers in the Banking Sector Although CRM has become widely recognized as an important business approach, there is no universally accepted definition of CRM. Swift defined CRM as an ‘enterprise approach to understanding and influencing customer behaviour through meaningful communications in order to improve customer acquisition, customer retention, customer loyalty, and customer profitability’ [17]. Kincaid viewed CRM as ‘the strategic use of information, processes, technology, and people to manage the customer’s relationship with your company (Marketing, Sales, Services, and Support) across the whole customer life cycle’ [18]. Parvatiyar and Sheth defined CRM as ‘a comprehensive strategy and process of acquiring, retaining, and partnering with selective customers to create superior value for the company and the customer [19]. 3. 3. Customer Loyalty, Customer Retention and Customer Relationships Customer satisfaction and loyalty are some key elements of business success and profitability. The more satisfied the customer, the more loyal the customer and the more Volume:01, Number:04, August-2011 www. theinternationaljournal. org Page 3 durable the relationship. And the longer this lasts, the more profit the company stands to make and the higher the market share. Getting existing customers to provide referrals should be one of the effective ways to add new business [20]. A referral from a customer can often open the gates and allow a salesperson access to previously unreachable prospects. Huntley found that when the quality of relationship is high, customers are more willing to recommend the seller’s offerings to colleagues and they purchase more from the seller [21]. Maintaining high-quality relationships with customers appears to increase their willingness to provide referrals [22]. Customer satisfaction and loyalty are highly correlated [23], but they form two distinct constructs [24]. Customer satisfaction with a bank relationship is a good basis for loyalty [25, 26], although it does not guarantee it, because even satisfied customers switch banks [27]. One important reason for switching is pricing [28, 29]. Hence, banks have launched customer loyalty programmes that provide economic incentives. Although the effectiveness of loyalty programmes has been questioned [30, 31, 32], research has shown that they have a significant, positive impact on customer retention and share of customer purchases [33, 34]. In a similar vein, Reinartz and Kumar suggest that customers can be grouped according to share-of-wallet and profitable lifetime duration, and that each customer group should be targeted with a specific strategy [35]. By adopting such a customer focused strategy, organisations can maximise the lifetime value of each customer by anticipating needs and offering timely solutions [36]. Likewise, according to Hartfeil, ‘Products are not profitable; customers are, and we analysed our customer base, segment by segment, we found that each required a different strategy to maximize its profitability to the bank [37]. For instance, every customer (both business and personal) is assigned to a banker at National Australia Bank Ltd whereby bankers are required to actively manage their portfolios according to volume of business, interest margin spread, fee income, profitability, customer retention, and the acquisition of new customers [38]. While ample literature is available on generic CRM today, hardly any information is forthcoming on the gains from CRM initiatives in the Indian banking sector. There is scarce literature on how the customers respond to the CRM measures adopted by the banks. This research has attempted to study the customer perceptions pertaining to the CRM initiatives adopted by the banks in India. Thus it helps to investigate the front-end effectives of CRM strategies in the banking sector. 4. Research Methodology This is a descriptive study using primary data collected through an experience survey. The data collection instrument used was a 3-part structured questionnaire using a 5-point Likert Scale. Part-1 was pertaining to the relationship building aspect of CRM and it had 19 questions which were framed using the relevant variables identified from literature review. Part-2 focused specifically on the interaction with the customer service representatives. Part-3 was concerned with customer perceptions on complaint handling and his/her behavioural intentions. Necessary demographic details were also collected to serve as categorizing variables. Prior to data collection, a pilot test was conducted to ensure comprehensiveness, clarity and reliability of the questionnaire. The pretesting of the questionnaire was done among 10 customers randomly, resulting in some minor modifications of the wordings of some survey Volume:01, Number:04, August-2011 www. theinternationaljournal. rg Page 4 items. The method used to administer the questionnaire was through a personal interview so as to obtain more accurate, reliable and valid information and to make the respondents at ease by maintaining a social rapport with them. The target population to be sampled was the individual customers of the Indian banking sector. Owing to the need for a relatively large sample size while at the same time keeping the research costs down, the sample size of this study amounted to 150 customers and the quota sampling technique was adopted based on the net profit and market share figure as shown in Table-1 below.

Farmer DBQ essays

Farmer DBQ essays During the span of 1880-1900 farmers began to feel as if their ways of life were being threatened. Farmers felt that a competition with railroads in monopolies and trusts, currency circulation shortage, and the powerful forces of Mother Nature seemed to be putting them in debt or even out of business. However, not all of the currency circulation shortage complaints could be brought up against the government, monopolies, and trusts. Over production, and bad weather accounted for these problems, which made the farmers complaint's not completely valid. Competition was a major contributing factor to farmer discontent. Farmers were constantly competing with monopolies and trusts. Railroads were putting most farmers in the brink of bankruptcy. Groups formed to help the farmers like The Grange tried to get some relief from monopolies, but they were just too influential. It came to a halt when the Wabash case made by the Supreme Court said that groups like the Grange had no power to regulate interstate commerce. (f) Monopolies were dictating the way the farming industry was as a whole. (h) Farmers sent their products all over the country in order to receive profit, but it was virtually impossible to ever make any money when the charge for use of the railroad system, was more than the farmer could make. (g) Still, the railroads saw nothing morally wrong with charging the farmers in the way they did. The government tried to help out by establishing The Sherman-Anti Trust Act, and the Interstate Commerce Act. The Sherman-Anti trust ac t was intended to help farmers mobilize against monopolies such as the railroad system, but was not very successful. The Interstate Commerce Act was made to stabilize the economy, helping the farmers avoid the railroad warpath, but only foreshadowed doom in the government trying to protect a private enterprise. The farmers w ...

Japanese Lessons

Japanese Lessons Following is the complete list of my free online Japanese lessons. If you are new to the language and dont know where to start learning, try my  Learn to Speak Japanese  page. If you would like to learn how to write, my  Japanese Writing for Beginners  is a good place to start learning hiragana, katakana and kanji. As for listening practice, try my Japanese Audio Files  page. You will also find many other tools on my site to help you learn. A great way to keep track of all the updates on my site is by signing up for my free language newsletters. The Word of the Day E-course will give you something new to study each day. The Weekly Newsletter will provide you with all the featured content that has appeared on my site. You can also see what other learners have asked in my Question of the Week link. In addition to the newsletters, my site also has Phrase of the Day Lessons. Phrase of the Day helps you to think in Japanese while you are doing common tasks throughout the day. It will help you get more into the Japanese mindset and grasp the structure of the language. You can also try out my Simple Japanese Phrases if you are more of a beginner. They are great to use if you happen to have a Japanese friend to practice with. Another great way to help you learn a language is to make it fun. Try out my Quizzes and Games link for lots of fun exercises that will make learning even more enjoyable. The more you keep something fun and fresh, the more youll want to keep doing it. Learning about culture is also an effective way to stimulate learning. The Japanese language is closely tied with its culture, so it is a fascinating and useful way to learn. It is really difficult to learn a language if you dont have a grasp of the culture. You can also try out my Reading Practice, which contains stories about culture and life, but are written in kanji, hiragana and katakana. Not to worry as they also contain an English translation and an easy to read romaji revision. Introduction to Japanese * Learn to Speak Japanese - Thinking of learning Japanese and want to know more, start here. * Introductory Lessons - If you are ready   to learn Japanese, start here. * Basic Lessons - Confident with the basic lessons or want to brush up, go here. * Grammar/Expressions - Verbs, adjectives, particles, pronouns, useful expressions and more. Japanese Writing * Japanese Writing for Beginners - Introduction to Japanese writing. * Kanji Lessons - Are you interested in kanji? Here you will find the most commonly used kanji characters.   * Hiragana Lessons - Here you will find all 46 hiragana and how to write them. * Learn Hiragana with Japanese Culture - Lessons to practice hiragana with Japanese cultural examples. * Katakana Lessons - Here you will find all 46 katakana and how to write them. Listening Comprehension and Pronunciation   * Japanese Audio Files - Use them on a regular basis to improve your speech. * Japanese Language Videos   - Free instructional videos to improve your comprehension. Japanese Vocabulary * Simple Japanese Phrases - Try these simple phrases whenever you have a chance. * Japanese Phrase of the Day - Think in Japanese when you do these daily actions. * Japanese Word of the Day - Learn a new Japanese word every day. Reading Practice * Japanese Reading Practice - Short Japanese essays about daily life and culture.   Other Japanese Lessons * Question of the Week - Useful questions about the Japanese language from viewers. * Japanese Quizzes and Games * Articles about Japanese Language and Culture Free Japanese Language Newsletters * Weekly Japanese Language Newsletter * Daily Japanese Word of the Day E-course

Debate paper in intellectual properties Assignment

Debate paper in intellectual properties - Assignment Example In the absence of these protection laws, individual’s original ideas would be plagiarized and exploited by unethical participants in a given economic environment (Gollin 23). Therefore, the concept of intellectual property proves advantageous in numerous ways including; Intellectual property in form of a patent protects an individual’s or a company’s original knowledge from duplication by competitors and other unethical parties. Fortunately, the government issues patent owners with the sole right to use an underlying intellectual property for a specified period of time (Tavani and Spinello 41). Currently, advancement in science and technology leads to a corresponding increase in inventions and related knowledge. These new scientific information and technological designs could offer great benefits to business organizations upon application. Undeniably, an inventor or researcher responsible for development of a new piece of information may have invested intensively not only in terms of finances but also in labor hours. In this context, duplication of intellectual property without the owner’s permission would amount to an instance of economic exploitation. Therefore, intellectual property rights are instrumental in preventing expl oitation from competitors. In March 2014, Samsung and Apple Inc ended a patent infringement dispute in court. Allegedly, Samsung duplicated the ’slide to unlock’ feature of Galaxy Nexus smart phones without permission from the feature’s inventor, Apple Inc. Consequently, Samsung paid Apple $120 million in damages. In this context, existence of intellectual property rights prevented further exploitation of Apple’s patented information by its competitor. In another case, SanDisk is seeking to prevent exploitation of its flash memory cards by Apple Inc. Aside from being the plaintiff in Samsung vs. Apple case; Apple Inc also infringes patents of other competitors (Reed 01). As of September 2014, Apple Inc was being sued