ECRM and Touch Points Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ECRM and Touch Points - Assignment Example The principal technique part should be operational to help in sharing of data. It infers business activities additionally run productively. Second, support of long haul associations with customers requires a logical technique (Kincaid, 2003). Third, involves shared endeavors that support correspondence innovation in different offices particularly when managing different colleagues in between authoritative settings. In any case, there are additionally assortments strategies that are basic while smoothing out the business utilizing the eCRM and contact focuses systems. The first includes perception of client centered culture inside and without the association. It helps in understanding their preferences and inclinations (Parvatiyar and Shainesh, 2001). Second, an appropriation of fulfillment benchmarks that assesses the clients’ proposals and grumblings as far as administration advertised. Another assortment technique includes putting suggestion addresses that survey the parts of purchasing and selling. It, along these lines, is basic to consider organization needs as a feature of CRM frameworks that help in assessing the client system (Sagadevan, 2003). This is on the grounds that it smoothes out the organization spending plan through arrangement of CRM arrangements that incorporate expanding the deals to improve adaptability. In general, client focused administrations remain the most significant piece of customization and item design in the utilization of data innovation

Statement of Cash Flows

Articulation of Cash Flows Larry D. Abernathy ACC 421/Intermediate Financial Accounting I Richard Burden Statement of Cash Flows The realities contained to be determined sheet and the benefit and misfortune articulation is associated by the extension that is the announcement of incomes. By recording the progression of money and money counterparts into and out of the organization the announcement of income is a decent pointer of a company’s wellbeing. Along these lines, the motivation behind the announcement of income is to reflect in record structure the money adjusts reflected to be determined sheet.The proclamation of income has three fundamental segments and each segment reveals to us an exceptional thing about the organization. The working segment reveals to us how the organization is creating and utilizing money to help its everyday exercises. In particular, it gives data about the installments for the deals of advances, obligation or value instruments in an exchanging po rtfolio, the premium installment, charge installment, installments to providers for products and ventures, profits on value protections, premium got on advances, receipts got on credits and receipts from offer of merchandise and services.Also the income explanation evaluates the capacity of the element to take care of its tabs and meet its commitments. The contributing segment reveals to us how an organization is utilizing its money to develop long haul. On the off chance that you see a ton of ventures outpouring, that implies that the organization is putting resources into capital tasks that will continue its profit in the long haul. It gives data about the contributing exercises that are utilized with working exercises. The money that goes into the contributing movement of the firm is unveil by the income statement.This incorporates advances made to providers, resources like and, buy. Financing areas discloses to us the value and obligation circumstance of the organization or how a firm is fund-raising to help its present moment and long haul objectives. In detail the money in financing exercises gives data about the returns from giving offers, from giving present moment or long haul obligation, from capital leases, reimbursement of obligation head, installments made for repurchase of offers and installments of profits. On a very basic level, the motivation behind the income explanation is to advise about the past wellsprings of money to figure the bility of the element's capacity to create a positive income later on. The income explanation gives data from where the element's money is originating from. Is it originating from activities for the most part or it is originating from different sources. The income proclamation additionally gives data about the impact of speculation and financing on the activities of the business. There are three pieces of the money explanation in particular money from working exercises, contributing exercises and financing activit ies.The income proclamation gives us the initial parity of money, the measure of money got during the working time frame, the sums paid during the period, the net increment or abatement in real money for the period and the last income balance. While surveying the monetary quality of a business it is essential to realize the income explanation since it gives a thought if the firm will have the option to pay rates and other quick costs. The income proclamation additionally gives data if the firm will have the option to reimburse its lender. The income explanation additionally educates the loan specialist or possible moneylenders if the organization is monetarily sound.The contractual workers and future representatives can evaluate if the incomes of the organization will have the option to pay them compensations. While surveying the budgetary quality of a business it is important to know the time, sum and odds of future incomes, the income proclamation gives this data. For evaluating t he money related quality of a firm it is imperative to think about the working execution of various organizations, the income explanation permits this correlation. Further, it is essential to ass the adjustments in resources, liabilities and value. The income articulation gives such an opportunity.Most significantly, it is important to know the liquidity and money close by of a firm. Basically the income explanation evaluates the money related situation of the organization by showing to a financial specialist how much money streamed into and out of the organization over some stretch of time and what's more it accommodates the salary proclamation with the accounting report. The bookkeeping suspicions that are utilized for setting up the pay explanation and the accounting report are contrasted and the hard money earned. No suppositions are made in the planning of the income explanation, and there are not estimations in the income statement.Finally, by shutting watching the announcemen t of income, one can decide the dissolvability of an organization and how fluid it is. Having overabundance money is a pointer that an organization is exceptionally fluid and will probably return cash to the partners and is probably going to be in sound monetary condition. In the event that an organization is battling, at that point it will have almost no money. It will battle to meet its obligation commitments and may go into insolvency also. References The bookkeeping procedure. (2010). Recovered on December 12, 2012 from http://www. netmba. com/bookkeeping/blade/process

Overview of the Indus Qater Treaty

Review of the Indus Qater Treaty Section V From days of yore man has been sincerely joined to water. Water questions have existed since the commencement of humankind and different instruments to manage issues have been attempted. So far no obvious headings or shows have developed to manage water debates. Numerous associations, including lawful affiliations, have attempted to set out certain standards. The best of these are the Helsinki Rules advanced by the International Law Association in 1966 at its 52 meeting at Helsinki [1]. Anyway, best case scenario the Helsinki Rules can fill in as rules and on account of the sub-landmass the conditions are diverse in light of the fact that they manage appropriation of water with the end goal of water system which isn't the situation of Europe. The ongoing anxieties and strains in the recognition of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT)[2]have been disturbing. India has consented to a few arrangements with its neighbors for sharing of waters of the significant waterways of the subcontinent. Pre sently four significant bargains administer the appropriation of the waters of Ganges, Indus and Brahmaputra. These are the Indus Water Treaty (1960) among India and Pakistan, Sankosh Multipurpose Project bargain (1993) among India and Bhutan, the Ganges Water Sharing Agreement (1996) among India and Bangladesh, and the Mahakali Treaty (1996) among India and Nepal. The hesitance in the recognition of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT)[3] have had numerous investigators accept the connection among India and Pakistan will be represented to a huge reach out by issues of water partaking in the years to come. The Indus River System The northern and western piece of the Indian subcontinent is watered by the Indus River and its arrangement of upper tributaries. The Indus at that point voyages a length of around 3000 kms through Tibet, Jammu and Kashmir, POK, and Pakistan before entering the Arabian Sea. There are a few distributaries that join the Indus River in its excursion to the oceans and the most significant ones which are talked about in this part are Beas, Sutlej, Ravi, Chena band Jhelum streams. The Indus Tributaries Sutlej: Sutlej is the longest of the numerous tributaries that join the Indus. The River Sutlej starts in Tibet and runs a course of around 1500 kms through the mountain scopes of Himachal Pradesh and enters Pakistan through the fields of Punjab. The Husseiniwala Headworks has been built downstream at the intersection between of Beas and Sutlej, the conclusion of which on May 1, 1948 began the water emergency that empowered the IWT. These Husseiniwals headworks provided water to the State of Bikaner through Bikaner Canal and the territory of Bahawalpurfrom the Depalpur Canal. The Bhakra Dam, which Nehru called the new sanctuary of resurgent India,[4] is likewise arranged on this waterway. Another significant headwork on this Sutlej is Harike that water the Sirhind waterway and Rajasthan trench. Chenab: This roughly 1000 km long stream starts in Himachal Pradesh and is additionally enlarged by Chandra and Bagha as it enters Jammu and Kashmir. In the wake of intersection the Pir Panjal run, it enters the Sialkot area in Pakistan close to the town of Akhnoor. The Marala torrent has been worked by Pakistan over the stream in 1968 as a feature of its plan to saddle the water of the waterway under the arrangements of the IWT. Jhelum Kishenganga (Neelum): The Kishenganga waterway begins in the mountains west of Dras and is additionally met by various tributaries and converges with the Jhelum River close Muzaffarabad in PoK. The Jhelum River starts in the lower regions of the Pir Panjal Ranges close Verinag and afterward courses through the urban communities of Anantnag, Srinagar, Sopore and Baramulla. A portion of its significant tributaries are Lidar, Sindand Vishav. Ravi: This around 800 km long waterway ascends in Himachal Pradesh and runs before joining Chenabin Pakistan in the wake of streaming past Lahore. The Thien Dam (Ranjit Sagar Dam) has been developed on this stream at the intersection of Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir States and feeds the Upper Bari Doab Canal. Beas: This around 500 km long waterway starts close Rohtang Passin Himachal Pradesh and courses through Kulu Valley and the Siwalik Range. The Pandoh Dam is situated on this and redirects water to Sutlej through the Beas-Sutlej interface. The Indus Water Treaty Indeed, even before 1947, as the water system from the Indus waterway frameworks secured various regulatory units and water accessible was not generally adequate to satisfy the consolidated needs, questions used to emerge every now and then between these units for a lot of water at various seasons, and for the various tasks mulled over by them[5]. The parcel of India in 1947 was a mind boggling issue and one which the then leaders of India didn't understand sufficiently. The issue was additionally muddled by the nearness of a few outskirt regal states particularly that of Jammu Kashmir just as the waterway frameworks of Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra. The Indus stream framework introduced a mind boggling issue since all the waterways started either in Jammu and Kashmir or India however the flooded the territories of Punjab that had been designated to Pakistan additionally headworks that managed the progression of waters of these streams were allocated to India. Aside from the Punjab Boundary Commission recommendation that the waterway headworks framework be considered as a joint endeavor, a proposal disposed of by the two nations, no consultations were completed on water sharing during the procedure of segment. Issues emerging out of water sharing issues of Indus System would later take over 10 years to determine. Further muddling this issue, Pakistan clandestinely and later unmistakably attempted to assume responsibility for Jammu Kashmir for some, reasons including that of its apparent need to have the streams of Jammu and Kashmir under its influence which making a sentiment of ill will in the psyches of the Indian government officials. The two India and Pakistan consented to a Standstill Agreement on Dec 30, 1947thereby freezing the current water frameworks at the two headworks of Madhopur (on theRavi) and Ferozepur (on the Sutlej) until March, 31, 1948[6]. Arbitral Tribunal (AT) was set up under Section Nine of the Indian Independence Act which was intended to determine any debate which the Punjab Partition Committee couldn't resolve. The East Punjab government chose to stop the progression of water to West Punjab on 01 April 1948 when the East Punjab government didn't react well to talks and in this way actually there was no understanding between these two government. By chance the term of the AT additionally completed around the same time. At the greeting of East Punjab, the agents of the two isolated Punjab States met in Simla on15 Apr 1948and marked two Standstill Agreements[7]regarding the Depalpur Canal and Central Bari Doab Canal to be in actuality until15 Oct 1948. Be that as it may, the West Punjab Government wouldn't favor the Agreement and the PM of Pakistan, required a gathering. The Finance Minister of Pakistan alongside pastors from West Pakistan visited Delhito work out an agreement[8]in the Inter-Dominion Conference hung on May 1948.Indiaagreed to arrival of water from the headworks, however made it evident that Pakistan couldn't make a case for these waters. Mr Eugene R. Dark, the President of the World Bank visited India and Pakistan in 1951 and proposed that a group of Indian, Pakistani and World Bank specialists to tackle the practical part of water sharing without engaging in the policy centered issues. The two nations acknowledged this mediation[9]. The World Bank additionally asked both the sides to give out their arrangement for the division of the water assets which both the nations did by Oct 53. While the plans of both the nation were astoundingly comparable on the issue of accessibility of water it shifted significantly on the basic issues of requirement[10]. So as to determine the debate, the World Bank at long last proposed its own arrangement in Feb 1954 as India and Pakistan had neglected to arrive at a consences. The arrangement offered the Indus, Chenab and Jhelum waterways to Pakistan though the three residual streams were offered to India. India acknowledged the proposition whereasP akistan gave just a certified acknowledgment to the proposition. The arrangement recommended by the World Bank was far nearer to the Indian proposition than that of the Pakistan one and in a manner merged Indias position. Pakistan was not happy with this arrangement and even made a danger of pulling back from the dealings. In the end the arrangement was not completely changed into a settlement however gave arrangement to future exchanges which proceeded for the following six years.[11] [12]In the nonappearance of a full understanding India and Pakistan consented to an Interim Arrangement in June 1955. As no unequivocal understanding could be reached, t he World Bank declared in Apr 1956 that the exchange cutoff time has been uncertainly extended.[13] Under the World Bank plan, Pakistan was to develop floods and channels to occupy the Western waterway waters in order to remunerate the loss of Eastern streams. The last bargain was marked by the head of conditions of the two nation within the sight of the World Bank President on 19 Sep 1960. The arrangement designated the three Eastern Rivers to India and the three Western streams generally to Pakistan. The IWT articulated a component to trade normally stream information of waterways, trenches and streams. A Permanent Indus Commission (PIC) was comprised, headed by two Commissioners, one from every nation. The PIC is relied upon to meet at any rate once every year on the other hand in India and Pakistan and present a yearly report to their separate Governments before June, 30thevery year. The IWT has seen a few issues that have shaken the very establishment of the arrangement. No more issue was more promoted than the consequence of the assaults on the Indian Parliament. There was additionally a far reaching request inside India for withdrawal from the IWT after the assault on the Indian Parliament on December 13, 20

Narcissus And Goldmund Essays - Narcissus And Goldmund, Narcissus

Narcissus And Goldmund All through this book Hesse ceaselessly investigates the possibility of the contention people experience while scanning for their actual character. Narcissus and Goldmund, two medieval men whose characters are analogies for the basic topic of keeps an eye on singular quest for self and the human experience. Narcissus is a priest firm in his strict and scholarly convictions or so he thinks, and Goldmund a young hungry for information and educational experience. Narcissus the astuteness carrying on with an absolutely scholarly life yet when Goldmund turns out to be a piece of his life, ends up battling the enthusiastic piece of his mind. Goldmund is the opposite, an individual destined to live to its fullest yet battling those wants because of parental impacts. The two men are oppositely inverse, even their names are figurative ? Narcissus the exemplification of unadulterated keenness and Goldmund who's names interprets as Brilliant mouth which demonstrates a yearn forever and common encounters. The account of both people are allegories of the ways and degree that one can lead a real existence. Narcissus has a hermetic presence in his ivory tower with his unadulterated idea , thinking and independent depression for colleagues. He is cut off from life in the religious community the acidic who is absolutely unconscious of life's cycles. Goldmund's alleged drifter way of life wealthy in experience, free soul and free decisions. I feel here that Hesse that it be focused on that the outrageous of any way of life, for example, in this story is really hazardous to the individual, and as indicated by Hesse himself ( Comments from a discussion with Rudolf Koester) the improvement to turn into a character with benefit to think, feel, and act freely is the essential obligation of the person. Limits, for example, a total withdrawal into a hermetically fixed conscience is as risky as the person who capitulates to the appeal of congruity while respecting pressure. The individual must build up a harmony between the two powers I discovered it very intriguing that two men are complete contrary energies and however could be so associated with one another. As Hesse appears in this book each is in the psyches of the other all through their different lives. This is upheld for model when Goldmund is cutting a sculpture of John the Baptist just to see that the face that he has cut is that of Narcissus'. Possibly the two men have one thing in like manner in that they are both leading lives that are very outrageous, which was the whole center that Hesse needed for this book.

Sony vs Toshiba free essay sample

For what reason did both Sony and Toshiba see it to be so essential to get an early lead in deals? In view of past configuration wars, the pattern had been champ takes all. Considering that, Sony and Toshiba endeavored to get however many early adopters as could reasonably be expected and secure early deals so more individuals would perceive and purchase their specific configuration over the other later on. Whichever organization accomplished the fastest Jump start would see a quickened interest for its configuration and ideally lockout its opposition, despite the fact that that didn't wind up being the situation for the Sony and Toshiba design wars. 2. What systems and resources empowered Sony to win the configuration war? Sony effectively executed a large number of the techniques that are expected to win the arrangement war. They beat Toshiba to possessing Columbia Pictures, MGM, Disney and Fox Studios, while Toshiba just wound up with Universal Studios focused on HD DVD. We will compose a custom paper test on Sony versus Toshiba or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Sony kept on executing techniques that would assist them with supporting the upper hand over Sony. They at that point acquainted Blu-Ray with its gaming consoles and PCs. To additionally expand the gracefully of Blu-Rays, Sony authorized the organization to other purchaser hardware firms. By authorizing their item to other people, it made the Blu-Ray player increasingly accessible to clients, in this manner making organizations make more items in their configuration. 3. What may Toshiba have done that may have prompted an alternate result? In the event that Toshiba would have been progressively proactive in endeavors to arrange film studios to focus on giving plates for HD DVD and authorized their configuration at to different hardware firms, they could have considered Just to be a lot of achievement as Sony. They constrained the deals of the configuration by keeping it from being effectively available to clients. Or on the other hand Toshiba ould have done broad RD to come out with a gaming console, or other kind of electronic gadget that could be perfect with the HD DVD designs as opposed to doing combating Sony legitimately in gaining studio films. . The organizations that grew original DVD innovation chose not to contend on innovation, rather orchestrating their innovation under the protection of the DVD Forum. For what reason do you think they picked an alternate methodology this time around? By permitting the DVD Forum to do the genuine leg work of building up the innovation of the organizations item it might mea n better quality and less possibility of innovation efect/disappointment, yet it likewise implies installments of sovereignties. These eminences to the DVD Forum thusly, lower overall revenue. By picking the methodology of keeping the formation of the Blu-beam and HD DVD player inward, each organization can harvest 100% of the income. Additionally, the move from VHS to DVD was an innovative change in perspective, though the move from DVD to at last an improved DVD player is just a mechanical improvement. There is substantially more hazard engaged with a change in outlook, since little is thought about the new innovation attempting to be actualized and there is no past istory or past information to depend on. Be that as it may, this time around each organization innovation field, so chose to set aside the cash that would paid to the DVD gathering and make the innovation themselves. 5. What are the dangers related with battling a configuration war this way? The dangers of battling an arrangement war are that there is almost no bargaining with the contender. It is hard for the two contenders to win. Battling an organization war likewise involves settling on unsafe choices, and outsmarting the contender. One botched chance could at last be the destruction of your item.

Amount of Alcohol in a Standard Alcoholic Drink

Amount of Alcohol in a Standard Alcoholic Drink More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery If you want to make sure you are not exceeding the recommended guidelines for safe alcohol consumption, it helps to know what a standard drink is. In the United States, a standard drink is an alcoholic beverage that contains 14 grams of pure alcohol. In a practical sense, that is 0.6 fluid ounces of pure alcohol, which is about 1.2 tablespoons. Alcoholic beverages are not pure alcohol, so a standard drink is usually more than 0.6 fluid ounces. One Standard Drink Alcoholic beverages contain alcohol, as well as water and other ingredients, and there is a difference in the alcohol content between beer, wine, and hard liquor. The equivalent of one standard drink is calculated based on the percentage of alcohol in the drink.?? Beer/wine coolers: Beer and wine coolers are typically five percent alcohol. A standard drink is 12 fluid ounces.Malt liquor: Malt liquor is approximately 7 percent alcohol, and a standard drink is eight to nine fluid ounces.Cider: Cider is about 6 percent alcohol, and a standard drink is about 10 fluid ounces.Wine: Table wine is 12 percent alcohol, making five fluid ounces a standard drink of wine. Fortified wines, such as sherry or port, are stronger, and a standard drink is three to four fluid ounces.Spirits and liqueur: Spirits are typically 80 proof, which means that they contain 40 percent alcohol, while liqueur typically contains less alcohol. A standard drink of whiskey, gin, vodka, or brandy is one and a half fluid ounces, while a standard drink of liqueur, cordial or aperitif is two to three fluid ounces. Spirits and liqueur are often served in smaller glasses than wine or beer. A shot is typically filled to about one and a half ounces, which is the equivalent of a standard drink. Sometimes, different brands of alcoholic beverages vary in their actual alcohol content, so, while the examples are pretty close to what you should expect, you should check the label to know the exact percentage of alcohol content. Standard Drinks per Bottle When you purchase beverages in their containers, rather than in a cup or glass, you will have more than one standard drink in a container. Whether you plan to share among a group, drink by yourself, finish the bottle all at once, or drink it on several different occasions, it is helpful to know how many drinks there are in a container of alcohol. Beer: There is one standard drink in a regular 12-ounce  can or bottle of beer, and there are one and a half standard drinks in a 16-ounce tall boy. Another container, referred to as a 40s, is made up of 40 ounces of beer, which is the equivalent of three and a half standard drinks.Malt Liquor: Malt liquor contains more alcohol than regular beer. A 12-ounce  can or bottle of malt liquor contains one and a half standard drinks and a 40-ounce container of malt liquor contains four and a half standard drinks.Wine: A 750 ml wine bottle contains at least five standard drinks. A bottle of fortified wine, such as sherry or port, contains almost eight standard drinks.Hard Liquor: A half pint of hard liquor contains four and a half drinks, and one pint contains eight and a half drinks. A fifth (750 ml) contains 17 standard drinks. Its Important to Know What a Standard Drink Is Alcohol consumption puts you at risk of intoxication, which can result in accidents, impaired judgment, or problems such as blacking out, passing out, or alcohol withdrawal.?? Each person has a different response to alcohol, which is dependent on body weight, and metabolism. Drinking many drinks in a short period of time, or drinking when you havent eaten can make you absorb more alcohol in your system, increasing its effects. It is important to recognize what a standard drink is and keep track of how much you drink. Drinking five or more drinks for males, and four or more drinks for females on the same occasion is defined as binge drinking. Heavy alcohol use  is defined as drinking five or more drinks for males, and four or more drinks for females on the same occasion on each of five or more days within a month. If you regularly drink more than the recommended guidelines you may have an alcohol use disorder, and you are also at increased risk of developing health problems due to your alcohol consumption.?? Facts About Alcohol Abuse, Misuse, and Alcoholism

Business Skills Learned in the Army

Ben Faw, a combat veteran and former Army Captain, shares his thoughts on how prior members of the military can use their unique skill sets to battle the dangerously high young-veteran unemployment rate of 21.4%. Rank never equaled respect in the military, and neither will your title in the private sector Pinning the 2nd Lieutenant bar on my beret and shoulders as a junior Army officer following graduation from West Point was an incredible moment. However, I already knew any true respect from my subordinates would be earned through actions and care for their needs, not through the rank shown on my uniform. The same principles apply in business. As Theodore Roosevelt once said, â€Å"No one cares how much you know until they know how much you care.† In my own case, helping my Soldiers clean bathrooms when they were exhausted from the sweltering heat in Iraq earned more respect than any rank or position ever would. Post military, my experiences in private companies and academic environments have shown this same principle at work. Serving others as a leader has translated into far more credibility and respect than flaunting position, rank, or past accomplishments. The â€Å"Right time, right place, right uniform† still makes a difference While the peer from the private sector might know Excel modeling and financial statements far better than a veteran, the self-discipline practiced in the military is rarely ingrained as deeply in people from other backgrounds. Malcolm Gladwell writes about the 10,000 hours it takes to become an expert in something; after the first few years of service, many veterans have already completed the 10,000 hours in self-discipline training.   Whether you are going to a platoon meeting or the corporate board room, arriving a few minutes early dressed in the right attire goes a long way in building trust, credibility, and authority. I can still clearly remember an occasion when I was late in Basic Officer Training, and I was the patrol leader for the mission! That terrible feeling in my stomach after my commander woke me up late at 5AM is something I will never let happen again.   Ã‚   Fitness, health, and wellness create an edge Those early morning physical training sessions five days a week in the military were not a waste.   Instead, they built a habit and character trait that now becomes an advantage. Maintaining this fitness routine post-military provides more than just a healthy feeling; recent research indicates it may lead to higher wages as well. Even if your health and wellness never directly impacts wages, the self-discipline and work ethic can shine through to potential employers in a positive way. Practicing healthy living can also help reduce stress and build the resilience and stamina needed for the challenges of the future. With long winding and ambiguous career paths for many in today’s workforce, every reasonable way to reduce stress is useful! Be willing to serve based on the job, not the location As you can see in the interactive image, veterans tend to take jobs all over the country after business school. This should not come as a huge surprise. In their military careers, veterans have been deployed in locations far off the beaten path, and continuing on this same trend of serving based on the job and not on the location is nothing new for them. While it can be neat to live in an energetic city, if you dislike the job itself or the company culture, it is not the right choice for you. Instead, focus on finding something that you love, regardless of location, and you will always do your best work. Leadership is incredibly transferable While the functional training received in the military is not always transferable to the private sector, the leadership skills are. When I started my military service, I learned how to follow. As a freshman at West Point, I witnessed my first Platoon Sergeant earn incredible respect by participating alongside the unit in every event, even when he had no obligation to do so. In that same training cycle, another unit leader constantly did the minimum required and lost credibility. When I was eventually given responsibility for subordinates, I made sure I set the example through participation and devotion to duty. In one of my first civilian jobs at Tesla Motors, learning by following again helped me build the skills to lead that I would eventually use when I earned more responsibility within the company. Whether you are leading a military unit into harm’s way or guiding a team though the due diligence process for an investment, many of the same skills apply: communicating and li stening to others, leading by example, and treating all parties with respect. These skills were essential in the military, and they are still incredibly important in the private sector. A special thanks to Matthew Faw, Momchil Filev, Julia Yoo,and Walter Haas: You have each been wonderful editors in this writing process and more importantly dear friends, thanks for everything.   Accepted.com ~ Helping You Write Your Best

Reflection Essay - 741 Words

Welcome family, friends, loved ones, to the beginning of your newest journey to discover a deeper part of yourself. It’s surreal to think about how far we have all come, from learning your times tables in kindergarten, to finding the area under a curve using trigonometric calculus. From practicing our cursive lettering in shaving cream on the desks in third grade, to exploring underlying themes about human nature in century-old literature. Through these years of education, our brains have been developing into an even more complex, associative structure that allows us to form bonds and ideas that constitute our reality every day. With our synapses constantly firing, we continue to build ten to the billionth connections every single day. Our†¦show more content†¦I grew up in a wonderful household, one that valued emotional intellect as well as cognitive intelligence. My older sister and I were provided with all basic necessities and more, and my childhood was beyond any thing I could’ve asked for. As I neared middle school, and my sister neared high school, it came to my attention just how brilliant my sister was. She knew the answer to almost everything she was asked, and was achieving straight As. Since I had been looking up to her all of my childhood, my admiration of her began to expand even more. As I look back on it all now, I believe my total praise of my sister is what led to the most trying years of my life. Now, I find myself to be more emotionally bright than school smart, which until around high school I had been completely fine with. I am able to easily read people’s emotions and figure out what they need and what kind of fAs I neared high school, I As one of the most advanced generations of society, we as the youth have a certain responsibility. It has been said that we spend the first half of our lives trying to understand the older generation, and the other half in understanding the younger generation. Every age has its own charm. Youth has always felt somewhat exasperated with age, and age has always been suspicious of youth. With their natural impatience and rebellious nature, a majority of young people are keen to act and learn on their own rather being guided by the experience of elders. The older peopleShow MoreRelatedReflection Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesReflective Essay The aim of this essay is to reflect on an incident, which took place in a hospital setting during the first month of my Foundation Degree Assistant Practitioner course. It will explore the importance of communication amongst the health care professionals and how a good nursing documentation is an integral part of nursing. It will also demonstrate how reflection enabled me to make sense of and learn from this experience, as well as identify any further learning developments neededRead MoreReflection Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesI determined that I needed a new interest, something to keep my mind engaged and challenged. I enrolled in the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) through the Columbia Southern University (CSU) just for fulfillment. This reflection assignment exercise proves to be the catalyst for my future college endeavors. The assignment to reflect on DBA program dreamed of taking steps towards realizing those ideas and course accomplishments right now. Due to time som e course assignments, I will embrace,Read MoreSelf Reflection Essays817 Words   |  4 Pages  Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ Observations   and   Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬    Reflections    Maximum   1000   words   each   term    The   purpose   of   these   three   reports   is   to   demonstrate   how   you   have   used   the   learning   journal   to    develop   your   self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ awareness   from   term   to   term.   (See   Section   11   about   the   Learning   Journal)    Each   report   is   due   at   the   first   class   meeting   after   each   reading   week.    Guidelines:    The   Reports   should   include   your   reflections   about:       Read MoreReflective Reflection Essay999 Words   |  4 Pagesand the best practice for creating successful outcomes. This essay will focus on how reflective practice is critical for professional life, and how the use of reflection and theory can be used by counselling practitioners to inform their practice. Reflective practice is a complex concept and has many alternate definitions and understandings of what reflective practice actually means. By breaking down the two parts and defining reflection as â€Å"serious thought or consideration†, and practice as â€Å"theRead MoreWriters Reflection Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish Writing Reflection. English has always been one of my favorite subjects along with writing. At a young age I remember always writing childish stories, and comic books. In second grade I even won a writers competition. Writing has always been a part of my life. I keep a journal to write important events happening in my life and I like to write poems as well. However, during my high school years writing essays became more complex. For some reason I couldn’t seem to fullyRead More Mirror: Reflections of Truth Essay508 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Mirror†: Reflections of Truth In Sylvia Plath’s poem â€Å"Mirror†, the reader takes a look into the messages presented and compares them with the reflections that are cast in a mirror and images in a lake. When reading this poem, we discover that the speaker is the actual reflection that gives the interpretation of its views. The first interpretation is shown as a mirror on the wall â€Å"I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions.† (1), second as the water in the lake because she states â€Å"Now IRead MoreReflection Within Professional Development: The Gibbs Model Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Within Professional Development In this essay I intend to reflect upon a clinical skill, which I have learned and become competent in practicing. I will apply the Gibbs model to the chosen skill throughout the essay to allow for critical thought. 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Collect all the ingredients to mesh together well, making each layer at a time. You throw all the layers together hoping tha t somehow they will come together to form a nifty design. But, they don’t

Writing Research Proposal of Arms and the Man by Bernard Shaw

THE ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERS IN ARMS AND THE MAN WRITEN BY BERNARD SHAW [pic] By: Yona Grahitha A2B309032 REGULER 2 ENGLISH PROGRAM FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY 2010 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A) Background of the Study Drama is a literary composition that tells a story, usually of human conflict by means of dialogues and actions, to be performed by actors. An important factor that supports in forming a drama is a character, which is played by players. The character is a person depicted in a narrative of drama. In addition, the character can be defined as one of intrinsic features that make up and distinguish an individual. There are some kinds of character which can be known, namely protagonist, antagonist,†¦show more content†¦When his line was broken and his forces scattered by a Bulgarian cavalry charge, he took refuge in Raina’s room. He is worldly, cool-headed, and pragmatic, with a sense of humor about his situation and the world. 2. Raina Petkoff: The only daughter of one of the wealthiest families in Bulgaria. Her father is a major in the Bulgarian army. She is young, beautiful, and intensely conscious of that fact. She has many romantic ideals a bout love, nobility, courage and beauty, but she is not above using them to get what she wants. 3. Catherine Petkoff: Rainas mother. She has a powerful and commanding presence that even her husband respects. She is a smart and capable woman over forty, who is determined to be a Viennese lady. To that end, she wears a fashionable tea gown on all occasions. 4. Major Petkoff: Rainas Father. He is a cheerful, excitable, insignificant, unpolished man of about 50, naturally unambitious except when it comes to his income and his importance in local society. Just now, he is greatly pleased with the military rank, which the war has thrust on him as it makes him a man of consequence in his town. 5. Major Sergius Saranoff: Engaged to Raina. He is dashing and romantically handsome. He is observant, but what he observes constantly disappoints his romantic ideals for the world. Not even, he can live up to his ideals. This has created an ironic and slightlyShow MoreRelatedCultural Analysis F or Doing Business8067 Words   |  33 Pagesculture, how people in Ireland conduct business, how U.S. and Ireland compare in business, and the implications for U.S. businesses that wish to conduct business in Ireland. These research questions were tackled using scholarly articles found through the Internet and Liberty Online Library Database. While conducting this research, a long period was spent reading through the articles to find points of relevance to this paper, while adding some unique attributes to this paper as well. Anyone wishing to conductRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesdecided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organizationRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesFoundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 ManagementRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesKochtanek and Joseph R. Matthews The Complete Guide to Acquisitions Management Frances C. Wilkinson and Linda K. Lewis Organization of Information, Second Edition Arlene G. Taylor The School Library Media Manager, Third Edition Blanche Woolls Basic Research Methods for Librarians Ronald R. 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Rodol also reorganised the Ministry, leading to several management departures. As well as the continuing record business and club activities, there would be three divisions: an international arm, encompassing radio, touring and record compilation; a brand division, focused on retail, product licensing and the Ministry website; and a marketing division, aiming to form long-term relationships with brands such as Philips and Bacardi. Rodol deniedRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesessential to increase the efï ¬ ciency of the management process.22 We discuss these principles in detail here because, although they were developed at the turn of the 20th century, they remain the bedrock on which much of recent management theory and research is based. In fa ct, as the â€Å"Management Insight† following this discussion suggests, modern writers such as well-known management guru Tom Peters continue to extol these principles. 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What Was the New Jersey Plan

The New Jersey Plan was a proposal for the structure of the U.S. federal government put forward by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention in 1787. The proposal was a response to the Virginia Plan, which Paterson believed would put too much power in large states to the disadvantage of smaller states. Key Takeaways: The New Jersey Plan The New Jersey Plan was a proposal for the structure of the United States federal government, presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The plan was created in response to the Virginia Plan. Patersons goal was to create a plan that ensured small states would have a voice in the national legislature.In the New Jersey Plan, the government would have one legislative house in which each state would have one vote.The New Jersey Plan was rejected, but it led to a compromise meant to balance the interests of small and large states. After being considered, Patersons plan was eventually rejected. However, his introduction of the plan had still had a substantial impact, as it led to the Great Compromise of 1787. The compromises established at the convention resulted in the form of American government which exists to the present day. Background In the summer of 1787, 55 men from 12 states convened in Philadelphia at the Constitutional Convention. (Rhode Island did not send a delegation.) The purpose was to form a better government, as the Articles of Confederation had serious flaws. In the days before the convention commenced, Virginians, including James Madison and the states governor, Edmund Randolph, conceived what became known as the Virginia Plan. Under the proposal, which was presented to the convention on May 29, 1787, the new federal government would have a bicameral legislative branch with an upper and lower house. Both houses would be apportioned per state based on population, so the large states, such as Virginia, would have a clear advantage in steering national policy. The New Jersey Plans Proposal William Paterson, representing New Jersey, took the lead in opposing the Virginia Plan. Following two weeks of debate, Paterson introduced his own proposal: the New Jersey Plan. The plan argued for increasing the power of the federal government to correct problems with the Articles of Confederation, but maintaining the single house of Congress which existed under the Articles of Confederation. In Patersons plan, each state would get one vote in Congress, so there would be equal power divided among states regardless of population. Patersons plan had features beyond the apportionment argument, such as the creation of a Supreme Court and the right of the federal government to tax imports and regulate trade. But the greatest difference from the Virginia Plan was over the issue of apportionment: the allocating of legislative seats based on population. The Great Compromise Delegates from the large states were naturally opposed to the New Jersey Plan, as it would diminish their influence. The convention ultimately rejected Patersons plan by a 7-3 vote, yet the delegates from the small states remained adamantly opposed to the Virginia plan. The disagreement over apportionment of the legislature had the convention stymied. What saved the convention was a compromise brought forward to Roger Sherman of Connecticut, which became known as the Connecticut Plan or the Great Compromise. Under the compromise proposal, there would be a bicameral legislature, with a lower house whose membership was apportioned by the population of the states, and an upper house in which each state would have two members and two votes. The next problem that arose was a debate over how the population of enslaved Americans—a considerable population in some of the southern states—would be counted in the apportionment for the House of Representatives. If the enslaved population counted toward apportionment, the slave states would acquire more power in Congress, though many of those being counted in the population had no rights to speak of. This conflict led to a compromise in which slaves were counted not as full people, but as 3/5 of a person for purposes of apportionment. As the compromises were worked out, William Paterson threw his support behind the new Constitution as did other delegates from smaller states. Though Patersons New Jersey Plan had been rejected, the debates over his proposal ensured that the U.S. Senate would be structured with each state having two Senators. The issue of how the Senate is constituted often comes up in political debates in the modern era. As the American population is centered around urban areas, it can seem unfair that states with small populations have the same number of Senators as a New York or a California. Yet that structure is the legacy of William Patersons argument that small states would be deprived of any power at all in a completely apportioned legislative branch. Sources Ellis, Richard E. Paterson, William (1745–1806). Encyclopedia of the American Constitution, edited by Leonard W. Levy and Kenneth L. Karst, 2nd ed., vol. 4, Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. New York.Levy, Leonard W. New Jersey Plan. Encyclopedia of the American Constitution, edited by Leonard W. Levy and Kenneth L. Karst, 2nd ed., vol. 4, Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. New York.Roche, John P. Constitutional Convention of 1787. Encyclopedia of the American Constitution, edited by Leonard W. Levy and Kenneth L. Karst, 2nd ed., vol. 2, Macmillan Reference USA, 2000, New York.

Use of Internet in Education - 2696 Words

Research on Internet Use in Education Executive Summary: There is emerging research on how the Internet can be an important component of a program that significantly increases student learning. This type of program requires students and teachers to have appropriate access to the Internet and instruction in its use. It also requires changes in curriculum content, instructional practices, and assessment to take advantage of the communication and information storage and retrieval strengths of the Internet, and to appropriately assess the types of learning these strengths engenders. The Internet, a global network of networks connecting millions of computers and computer users, is a relatively new resource for educators. In fall 1998,†¦show more content†¦A number of federal programs have helped to fund implementation (Four Pillars). Federal aid to networking and other aspects of telecommunications is currently providing approximately one-third of all of the funds going into IT in PreK-12 education (E-Rate). School reform and school renewal models vary from â€Å"back-to-basics† to a heavy emphasis on the thorough integration of IT throughout curriculum, instruction, and assessment (Mid-Continent Regional Educational Laboratory, Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory). Even in most back-to-basics types of school reform models there is recognition that the Internet brings a new dimension to communicating over time and distance and that students need to develop basic skills in its use. Many school reform models focus on a significant restructuring of the classroom and providing students with routine Internet connectivity both in their classrooms and at home. An extreme example of this is provided by laptop computer projects in which each student has a laptop and connectivity to use at home and school (Rockman et al). In brief summary, the Internet plays four roles in school improvement and reform models: Students learn to make use of the Internet as an aid to retrieving information from multiple sources. Students learn to use the Internet as an aid to communicating with and collaborating with people throughout the world. Students learn to develop web materials, especially as a component ofShow MoreRelatedReasons Why Students Use the Internet for Education1972 Words   |  8 PagesUSING INTERNET FOR EDUCATION Dicky Urianto Halimawan  ¡V 03320030075 Industrial Engineering of Pelita Harapan University, Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang Abstract In the past few years, Indonesia has experienced the integration of the internet into society. This situation has created their presence in the market with taking us to the aim of this study that for know the reasons of university student on using internet for education. The data of benefits of using Internet for Education were collectedRead MoreInternet Based Educational Support for Students in Developing Countries1400 Words   |  6 Pages Internet based Educational support for Students in Developing countries TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER 1 Introduction Purpose Significance of this study CHAPTER 2 Background Literature review CHAPTER 3 Methodology CHAPTER 4 Results CHAPTER 5 Conclusions and Recommendations Summary Recommendations REFERENCES APPENDIX INTRODUCTION The internet is a collection of computers connect together electronically over the world. The internet is also a collectionRead MoreImportance Of Internet Education Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the importance of Internet Education and how does the Internet affect our lives? The importance of Internet Education is that it has changed the way students are being taught in schools. It also helps Teachers and Students learn with better and easy learning styles. According to James Wright, â€Å"Teachers use the Internet to supplement their lessons, and a number of prestigious universities have opened up free online lectures and courses to everyone.† (Wright, 2015, para.1). It is easier forRead MoreImpact of Technology on Education1146 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- Positive Impact of Technology on Education Technology plays a very important role in the field of education, especially in this 21st century. In fact, computer technology has become easier for teachers to transfer knowledge and for students to obtain it. The use of technology has made the process of teaching and learning more convenient. Talking in a positive sense, the impact of technology on education has been extraordinary. Using Internet and computers as en effective medium to establishRead MoreThe Internet s Effect On Education1106 Words   |  5 Pageswe spend 80 hours on the internet. Based on how much we spend on the internet, we should take care of ourselves and not lose our personalities. The internet has changed us in many ways, but it has pros and cons to the users of the internet. The internet helps students, teachers, and doctors and give ways to save money. Typewriters were used 100 years ago because there was no internet, but with internet now we change our culture and society. The invention of the internet w as a turning point in historyRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Education1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impacts of Internet on Education The Internet is modern technologies that people just invented in recent decades. Since computers became more popular in the 1980s, the Internet was followed and was created in the 1990s. The invention of this technology affects everyone in many countries. It is changing how people live, how people entertain, how people communicate, and especially how people educate. In addition, in recent years, the Internet is improving very quickly, and the colleges and universitiesRead MoreThe Internet Is The Greatest Invention Of The 20th Century977 Words   |  4 PagesThe Internet is the greatest invention of the 20th Century because it changed the course of humanity. It literally has impacted us all in very beneficial ways. The Internet is â€Å"a global communication network that allows almost all computers worldwide to connect and exchange information† (dictionary.com). It connects billions of devices worldwide. Why is the Internet so great? Well, it has for one thing impacted educ ation in an enormous way. Education is now the fundamental skill for life. TheRead MoreHow Does Internet Affects Student Study Habits738 Words   |  3 Pagesdoes the internet affects the study habits of students. Introduction In todays era internet are just around the corner. Almost all people have internet connections through the use of their mobile phones, tablets and laptops whether they are kids, teens or adult. Before, people use snail mail to send letters to others but today it’s just a one click away from the internet. For educational purposes, others usually go to the library to search for something. But, today internet has many uses. TheyRead MoreThe Internet And Its Effect On Education1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe internet is a global communication network that connects most computers and digital devices together to exchange information. Internet access has changed the process of learning in many ways. Some may ask if the access to the internet diminishes the quality of education in what high school students receive? While some studies have shown that the increase of internet usage has led to shortened attention span in today’s youth. The excess use of the internet can create m ore opportunities for studentsRead MoreHow Technology Affects Our Education Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pageswe learn? The internet is a powerful source that has taken over our current generation. The way we do things is changing every day and technology is advancing faster than ever. We don’t think like we used to because we have no reason to anymore, with the internet we have many ways to get by things without having to try hard or to memorize anything. The internet highly affects our brains and the power of education. The internet not only affects our brains, it also affects our education through other

Shakespeare’s Audience Research Synthesis Free Essays

The uneducated lower class audience was interested in the violence Shakespeare’s plays consisted of. The Elizabethan era’s culture was violent and cruel. For example, if an individual did not enjoy plays, they could witness a â€Å". We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare’s Audience: Research Synthesis or any similar topic only for you Order Now public execution by hanging, beheading, or any number of gruesome ways. † (Wave ; Davis, 109). To keep his violent audience entertained and engaged in his plays, Shakespeare had to include an ample amount of violence throughout them. Sometimes, audience members would become fatigued. To really excite and give them a rush to awaken his audience members, he would spontaneously throw in ction scenes right after, or in the middle of a tragic, or comedic event. One example can be found in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Not too long after Romeo and Juliet are married, a fight occurs, and after Romeo heard Tybalt has killed his beloved friend, Mercutio, he tells Benvolio â€Å"†¦ La] fire-eyed fury be my conduct now!†¦. for Mercutio’s soul! â€Å"(Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare). Romeo, who had remained calm throughout Tybalt and Mercutio’s dispute, later kills Tybalt to avenge Mercutio. Directly after their marriage, a calm and Joyous scene, Shakespeare has an abrupt ction scene imputed to thrill his audience. Although the lower class enjoyed a good comedy, they also went to the theater to watch the newest foray into suicide, debauchery, and murder. Once again in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, he has a thought out plan that seems well, transform into a violent and disastrous one. After Juliet sees her lover has killed himself, she is left alone by Friar, while she is awaiting Friar, she becomes frightened by the watchman entering the tomb and says â€Å"O happy dagger! This is thy sheath; there rust and let me die. â€Å"(Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare). She was fearful of the watchman seeing she was still alive, and in turn committed suicide. Shakespeare mislead his audience through a bloody, twist ending, which was exactly what they would have enjoyed watching. The lower class members of Shakespeare’s audience enjoyed his anatomical humor. He wanted his audience members to have sterling Junctures while watching his plays, so he included an abundance of sexual innuendos. Shakespeare was at times too â€Å"bawdy, sometimes vulgar, many times pushing the bounds of good taste. † (Cork Milner). Shakespeare at some points was abrupt and too direct with ome of his Jokes, but audience members still enjoyed them. Shakespeare is known for his masterful way with words. Some say he was clever at playing around with them. One area where he used this talent is when he inserted sexual innuendos into and find that the clever wit of his sexual innuendo not only has comic significance, but is used to develop character, themes, and plot as well. â€Å"( transmedialshakespeare. ordpress. com). While using sexual innuendos to appeal to the lower class, Shakespeare was also using them to mold parts of his plays, which is why people often refer to him as one of the greatest play writes of all ime. He used every bit of his plays to his advantage, and through the use of sexual innuendos, he was able to mold parts his plays, while still entertaining his audience. Sha kespeare knew how to give his audience members individually what they came for because â€Å"Shakespeare realized sexual Jokes, especially double entendres, put the twinkle in the performance,† Oohn Basil). He used his specialty of wordplay to conjure clever sexual innuendos and naughty puns throughout his plays. William Shakespeare’s educated spectators were allured by his use of mythological allusions. Only the upper class was able to afford an education and were able to understand all of the â€Å"references from Greek Roman mythology in his plays†¦ they are an identifier with ancient tales, and also tie in stories most of the populace was familiar with†(wcuenglish. net). Shakespeare’s use of Theseus as the Duke of Athens and Hippolyta as his queen immediately allows the educated audience to make a mythological connection in A Midsummer Night’s Dream. As the audience identified one character from Greek mythology, they then naturally associated the other characters with this mythology if they were a member of the pper class and had an education. For example, two other characters, Oberon and Titania, could be compared with their mythological traits to be viewed similar to Zeus and Hera. His audience could make connections and know when that when Theseus says â€Å"Now, fair Hippolyta, our nuptial hour Draws on apace† (A Midsummer Night’s Dream Shakespeare) that the story was a mythological allusion of Theseus and could recognize his Amazonian queen Hippolyta, and understand the specific myth being drawn. Another example that the upper class would be able to point out would be Puck relating to Eros, the Greek god of sexual love and beauty. The love Juice that Puck places over characters’ eyes to make them fall in love with the first thing they see after waking is equivalent to Eros’ golden arrows, having the same effect. The audience could correlate these distinct characters due to their connection to Theseus. Shakespeare more directly compares the two characters when Oberon says â€Å"Flower of this purple dye†¦ Hit with Cupid’s archery†¦ Sin in apple of his eye† (A Midsummer Night’s Dream Shakespeare). Lastly, Shakespeare appealed to the upper class through clever wordplay. Shakespeare was an ingenious man, an ample amount of these puns are in all of his plays and â€Å"Like most Elizabethans, Shakespeare loved puns†¦ the average per play was around eighty. Many of Shakespeare’s original puns depended on words that were spelled different, but sounded alike† (Wave Davis, 54). Shakespeare’s brilliant word play could only be enjoyed by the upper class, because of their education; they were able to understand the multiple meanings of some of the words. Enjoying the genius and humor in Shakespeare’s work of clever word play, was something the ower class was sadly not privileged with. One example of the clever word play Romeo that â€Å"tomorrow you shall find me a grave man. â€Å"(Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare). In this Shakespeare meant grave as Mercutio being serious, but here it also alludes to his imminent death, aimed towards his educated audience members who would be able to infer this. Shakespeare’s clever word play required a trained ear to be able to fully understand all of what Shakespeare intended to get across. For instance when Mercutio says â€Å"Sure wit, follow me this Jest now till thou ast worn out thy pump, that, when the single sole of it is worn, the Jest may remain, after the wearing, solely singular. † (Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare). This one is a double pun. One meaning is that the sole of the shoe, the pump they are talking about, is single, which is to say, it has only one layer of leather. Shakespeare puns the sole of a shoe with â€Å"solely† trying to say only, exclusively and puns the word single with â€Å"singular† meaning one of a kind, unique and says that his Joke is exclusively unique, or solely singular. Shakespeare knew only the educated would be able to atch his double meaning wordplay and perhaps, he would also test them on how much they would receive from his word play. William Shakespeare tried captivating his audience while they watched his plays, but certain aspects included in they were specifically aimed for different classes. He used mythological allusions and clever word play for the upper and the violence and sexual innuendos were meant for lower uneducated class audience. Shakespeare was an ingenious play write and knew what his audience members were entertained by and he knew exactly how to appeal to their tastes of theatre. How to cite Shakespeare’s Audience: Research Synthesis, Essays

A Character Sketch of Chaucers Knight Essay Example For Students

A Character Sketch of Chaucers Knight Essay The Canterbury TalesA Character Sketch of Chaucers KnightGeoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales, written in approximately1385, is a collection of twenty-four stories ostensibly told by variouspeople who are going on a religious pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral fromLondon, England. Prior to the actual tales, however, Chaucer offers thereader a glimpse of fourteenth century life by way of what he refers to asa General Prologue. In this prologue, Chaucer introduces all of thecharacters who are involved in this imaginary journey and who will tell thetales. Among the characters included in this introductory section is aknight. Chaucer initially refers to the knight as a most distinguishedman (l. 43) and, indeed, his sketch of the knight is highly complimentary. The knight, Chaucer tells us, possessed/Fine horses, but hewas not gaily dressed (ll. 69-70). Indeed, the knight is dressed in acommon shirt which is stained where his armor had left mark (l. 72). That is, the knight is just home from service (l. 73) and is in such ahurry to go on his pilgrimage that he has not even paused before beginningit to change his clothes. The knight has had a very busy life as his fighting career hastaken him to a great many places. He has seen military service in Egypt,Lithuania, Prussia, Russia, Spain, North Africa, and Asia Minor where hewas of great value in all eyes (l. 63). Even though he has had a verysuccessful and busy career, he is extremely humble: Chaucer maintains thathe is modest as a maid (l. 65). Moreover, he has never said a rude thingto anyone in his entire life (cf., ll. 66-7). Clearly, the knight possesses an outstanding character. Chaucer gives to the knight one of the more flattering descriptions in theGeneral Prologue. The knight can do no wrong: he is an outstandingwarrior who has fought for the true faithaccording to Chauceron threecontinents. In the midst of all this contenton, however, the knightremains modest and polite. The knight is the embodiment of the chivalriccode: he is devout and courteous off the battlefield and is bold andfearless on it. In twentieth century America, we would like to think that wehave many people in our society who are like Chaucers knight. During thisnations altercation with Iraq in 1991, the concept of the modest buteffective soldier captured the imagination of the country. Indeed, thenations journalists in many ways attempted to make General H. NormanSchwarzkof a latter day knight. The general was made to appear as afearless leader who really was a regular guy under the uniform. It would be nice to think that a person such as the knightcould exist in the twentieth century. The fact of the matter is that it isunlikely that people such as the knight existed even in the fourteenthcentury. As he does with all of his characters, Chaucer is producing astereotype in creating the knight. As noted above, Chaucer, in describingthe knight, is describing a chivalric ideal. The history of the MiddleAges demonstrates that this ideal rarely was manifested in actual conduct. Nevertheless, in his description of the knight, Chaucer shows the readerthe possibility of the chivalric way of life. how the hell do you work this thing?

Journal Of High Education Policy Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Of High Education Policy Management? Answer: Introduction Woolsworths is an Australian brand of supermarkets presently operating in Australia and New Zealand. It first opened in Sydney, Australia in the year 1924 on December 5. Back then, it was the Victorian equivalent of the 1 shop, selling everything from stationery to dish cloths for just five cents(Robinson 2008 ). There are a number of companies in the United States, UK and South Africa with similar names to Woolworths. These however, are not in any way related to the actual company. The company was founded by 5 people namely- Ernest Williams, Stanley Chatterton, Percy Christmas, George Creed and Cecil Scott Waine. By the year 1956, Woolsworth opened its first store in New Zealand and by the year 2972, there were a number of supermarkets emerging in the market. The company kept growing during the late 1920s, unaffected by the Great Depression, opening stores in Brisbane and Perth and had around 23 stores by the year 1933. The company was duly impacted during the Second World War. Howe ver, after the war ended, the companys growth was exponential. In the 1970s it started expanding and opened a number of supermarket stores and slowly became the largest retailer of food supplies by the 1980s. it was evident that Woolsworth was growing its retail space quickly(John Rice 2017). Presently, it is ranked number 2 out of the top 2000 companies in Australia(Copyright 1999-2017 IBISWorld 2016). The Woolworths and Cols have currently neared 10% of the total Australian retail sales(EssaysUK 2015). Organizational Structure Organizational structure can be defined as the hierarchy within an organization. There are a number of types of organizational structures such as functional, divisional, matrix, hierarchy and flatarchy amongst many others. Functional organizational structure is also referred to as bureaucratic and can explained as a traditional business with a sales department, marketing department, customer service department, etc(Alton 2017). The divisional structure refers to different divisions or group that work under one head although, as separate brands. These are also sometimes called as flatter organizations. The matrix is probably the most confusing of all the various types. In addition to having to report to the division manager, an employee or worker also has to report to and constantly update a project manager. In short, a worker has more than one boss. There are both pros and cons to this method as it provides a lot of flexibility in work but can also create confusion and ambiguity. The last most common type of organizational structure is the flatarchy. It is a mixture of hierarchy and flat organizations. In this particular system, there is an open communication system within the organization. It can be thought of as a dynamic structure where the company allows employees to suggest and then run with new ideas(Morgan 2015). Degree of Decentralization The Woolsworth is decentralized and has a number of work units that are spread across the country and others are even located in other countries. The type of organizational structure that Woolsworth conforms to is the flatter organization. The company has five founders and each of them is the head of certain divisions. The same can be seen below in the flowchart Types of Responsibility Centres in Woolsworth A responsibility center is a functional entity within a business that has its own goals and objectives, dedicated staff, policies and procedures, and financial reports(Bragg 2013). The main types of responsibility centres include- Cost centre, Revenue centre, profit Centre and Investment centre. Woolsworth has the following responsibility centres- Cost centre- A cost centre can be defined as a group that is responsible of the incurring expenses. The company has a cost centre which is further divided into two parts. Expenses on salaries of employees, setting up of new stores etc. fall under the category of engineered costs while the expenditure by Woolsworth on its marketing and advertising is discretionary. Revenue centre- Woolsworth has a revenue centre which is responsible for the measurement of output is done in monetary terms. This includes the companys sales department. Profit Centre- In a profit center, performance is measured by the numerical difference between revenues (outputs) and expenditures (inputs)(Kumar 2016). Woolsworth has a profit centre too, enabling the company to run for so many years. Investment centre- Investment centre, as the name suggests is related to keep account of the amount of money invested in to certain activities to make the business grow. Woolsworth also has an investment centre. Environmental Responsibility of Woolsworth In light of negative press coverage, Coles and Woolworths have taken several steps towards improving their reputation(Keith 2012). Woolsworth has been a responsible organization and has taken measures to ensure it gives back to the community as well as the environment in as many ways as possible. Effective implementation demands that administrators understand the process and that managers expect to be accountable for performance(Vonasek 2011).According to a report released by the company which mentions in detail about the companys corporate social responsibility, the company has talked about closing gender pay gap, embracing diversity, moving forward to a circular economy and ensuring recycling of its materials amongst many others. The companys goals consist of three main categories that are encouraging diversity, the environment and building trusted relationship(Writers 2017). It has been observed that the company gains advantage by concentrating on community?based, environmentally friendly and fair trading policies(Wiliams et al. 2010). The Woolsworth has ensured that 40 percent of the senior managing staff and executive officers in the company are females. In addition to this, they are paid the same amount of money as salaries as their male counterparts. The company is also known to have hired Aborginal Australians, thus proving its embrace of diversity and unbiased recruitment of workers. The company is also contributing to circular economy by ensuring that there is absolutely no food water going down to the land fill and recycling the packaging of its own products. The Woolsworth has also reported a 10 percent decline in its carbon footprint and a decline in refrigerator leakages by 15 percent since 2015. There are a number of steps taken by the company to ensure it is doing its bit in giving back to the environment, in addition to those that have been mentioned above. In a article published by the guardian.com, the Woolworth company was reported saying that they shall abandon the use of plastic bags and instead provide their customers with usable bags. The companys CEO, Brad Banducci was also reported saying that this was a part of the companys upcoming policies that had been updated. Customers would be offered a range of reusable plastic bags to buy(Slezak 2017). This proves the companys commitment towards its surrounding and the environment. Reward system and Performance Measurement A performance measurement system can be defined as a set of measures taken to collect, analyze and scrutinize data pertaining to the performance of an individual, a group or an organization. This can help in determining the drawbacks and enhance the strengths and ensure better delivery and more efficiency. Performance measurement provides vital information for advancing social innovation(Wolk, Dholakia Kreitz 2009). Performance of senior managers in an organization is not only indispensable but also pivotal in determining whether a company shall rise or fall. Senior managers are responsible for almost everything. They need to manage the staff, create new strategies, bring about innovation and provide order in the organization. In short, they are the ones who have the most difficult jobs in any working organization. In an interview of Woolworths managing director and CEO, Grant O Brien talks about his journey, what motivated him to perform better and how would he as a senior manager encourage and motivate others to do the same. In the interview, Grant tells the interviewer about how he led a team of subordinates in Woolies at the liquor division. They started off with $200 million dollars and a market share of only 9 percent. But as he and his team worked hard and put in all of their efforts, they were able to increase their market share to 35 percent and turnover to $6billion. When asked about h ow he motivates his sub ordinates, Grant said, Its providing the environment for optimism(Unsupported source type (Interview) for source Placeholder3.). From the companys website, one can take note of the types of reward systems that are offered to its employees. The first and the most obvious reward to the employees in the company are their fixed salaries that the company owes its employees for doing their jobs. Woolworth also offers its employees variable pays which are listed as short and long term incentives. Woolsworth is known to provide its employees with career enhancing opportunities. If an employee is putting in extra effort or has performed extra ordinarily well, the company makes sure to reward the employee on the spot. This ensures the employee remains motivated to keep up his work in addition to setting an example for the other workers to follow. Difference awards are also given out to the employees when he or she has made an extra ordinary contribution to the companys business. The company makes sure to reward both the senior management as well as the working staff and organizing annual events wherein individuals rangi ng from CEO to managers to workers are given annual awards for their exceptional performances throughout the year. In addition to this, the company also makes sure to have a separate reward system for encouragement and motivation of its employees on a continuous basis. This includes a number of things. Employees shopping from the company itself are eligible for discounts. This not only makes the employees happier and more satisfied, but in turn, also increases the sales of the company. The company provides its employees with retirement funding and healthcare benefits. Employees who are of age and have committed to working with Woolsworth seem to benefit from such schemes. Students or part time workers at the company are also offered educational assistance and are eligible for scholarships. There are also benefits for the disabled. Lastly, the company also provides its employees with death cover and a funeral cover in case of accidental death of an employee or death due to old age. The performance measurement system is such that it benefits one and all. All the employees in the organization whether they are bottom level or top level management, are eligible for being rewarded provided they put in efforts and hard work into developing the business of the company. The reward system of Woolsworth is constructed in such a manner that it is consistent with the organizational structure. Conclusion Woolsworth Australia is an extremely popular chain of enterprise dealing in food supply, clothing, liquor and many other products. It has a well-defined organizational structure that is deeply decentralized due to the fact that it has a number of stores in a number of cities, states and countries. The company is also socially and environmentally responsible. It has successfully removed the gap in pay of its male and female employees, which is something women still struggle with even in the 21st century. The company recruits people from all walks of life and different backgrounds without discriminating them on the basis of caste, religion, race or sexuality. It has embraced diversity and set an example for its peer companies. The company has taken steps to recycle its product, embraced circular economy and reduced its carbon footprint in the past few years. The company has always made sure to reward its employees by offering them long and short term incentives, bonuses, annual and exc eptional awards in addition to providing perks such as health care cover, retirement funding, discounts, death covers and educational assistance. It makes sure the employees work hard and give in their best efforts in order to achieve its desired goals in a timely and effective manner. Woolsworth is an epitome of a clean, sophisticated structure of organization that cares for one and all and strives for excellence in what it does. References Alton, L 2017, 4 Common Types of Organizational Structures, viewed 20 september 2017, https://www.allbusiness.com/4-common-types-organizational-structures-103745-1.html. Bragg, S 2013, The responsibility center, viewed 15 september 2017, https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/what-is-a-responsibility-center.html. Copyright 1999-2017 IBISWorld 2016, Woolworths Ltd - Premium Company Report Australia, Woolworths Ltd, viewed 18 september 2017, https://ibisworld.com.au/australian-company-research-reports/retail-trade/woolworths-ltd-company.html. EssaysUK 2015, Woolworths Australia History, viewed 19 september 2017, https://www.ukessays.com/essays/management/history-and-background-of-woolworths-in-australia-management-essay.php. John Rice, NM 2017, Company results: how competition is transforming Australias retail sector, viewed 17 september 2017, https://theconversation.com/company-results-how-competition-is-transforming-australias-retail-sector-72844. Keith, S 2012, 'COLES, WOOLWORTHS, AND THE', Locale: The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies, vol 2, pp. 47-81. Kumar, P 2016, Responsibility Center: Concept and Types, viewed 15 september 2017, https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/accounting/responsibility-accounting/responsibility-center-concept-and-types/62602/. Morgan, J 2015, The 5 Types Of Organizational Structures: Part 4, Flatarchies, viewed 20 september 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2015/07/15/the-5-types-of-organizational-structures-part-4-flatarchies/#f61db0f6707c. Robinson, J 2008 , Woolworths: the rise and fall of the department store empire, viewed 19 September 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/nov/19/woolworths-retail-department-stores. Slezak, M 2017, Woolworths and Coles to phase out single-use plastic bags, viewed 20 september 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jul/14/woolworths-to-phase-out-single-use-plastic-bags-over-12-months. Vonasek, J 2011, 'Implementing responsibility centre budgeting', Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management , vol 33, no. 5, pp. 497-508. Wiliams, J, Memery, J, Megicks, P Morrison, M 2010, 'Ethics and social responsibility in Australian grocery shopping', International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, vol 38, no. 4, pp. 297-316. Wolk, A, Dholakia, A Kreitz, K 2009, 'Building a Performance Measurement System', publication, Design Studio at Monitor, Library of Congress Catalog Number, ISBN, Root Cause , Cambridge. Writers, AS 2017, Woolworths sets 2020 corporate responsibility strategy, viewed 19 september 2017, https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2017/02/13/woolworths-sets-2020-corporate-responsibility-strategy.html.

Valley Homes v Ace Minerals Corp Essay Example

Valley Homes v Ace Minerals Corp Essay Jones is a young, recently hired female salesperson working for Valley Homes, a small company manufacturing and selling prefabricated dwellings. They sell primarily to people wanting to build their own cabins and summer homes. Jones job consists in working out the designs with the customers, pricing that design, and then working out the specifics with the engineering section, which develops plans and sets out the exact specifications for the production of the dwelling. She then follows up with the customer, even providing a contractor to build the dwelling if needed. A large mining company, Ace Minerals Corporation, as part of the development of a huge mineral deposit in northern Manitoba had to build a townsite for the miners and their families consisting of some 50 dwellings as well as a sports and recreation complex. Under the supervision of the vice-president of finance, Li, Ace Minerals published a request for tenders for the supply and erection of these 50 homes and recreation centre. Upon request Ace provided the specifications and the other details of the tendering process, including a statement that 1) once submitted the bid could not be withdrawn before the formal opening of all the bids (2) the lowest bid would be accepted, following the standard practice in the industry. Jones obtained these details and brought them to the attention of the Valley Homes executive arguing that the company had to change their method of doing business from just servicing the residential retail market and get more into the growing industrial sector. This was consistent with conversations that had recently taken place between the president of the company and major shareholders and so it was decided to submit a bid on the Ace Minerals project. We will write a custom essay sample on Valley Homes v Ace Minerals Corp specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Valley Homes v Ace Minerals Corp specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Valley Homes v Ace Minerals Corp specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Jones and Brundel, the sales manager, were designated as the team to develop Valley Homes bid. They worked for several days, enlisting the help of the engineering department completing and submitting the bid on the day specified by Ace. That evening Jones was reviewing the bid and to her horror discovered a significant error in the calculations prepared by Brundel, the sales manager. Jones quickly redid the calculations and found to her added horror that instead of making a 15 percent profit on the deal they would suffer a 20 percent loss. On such a huge order this could be enough to bankrupt the company. On further examination it became clear that Brundel had intentionally structured the error and cleverly hid it in a way that made it very difficult to find. It was only by chance that Jones had discovered the error at all. It was later learned that Brundel as sales manager felt threatened by this business brought in by the upstart Jones and set out to sabotage the project to make sure things stayed the way they were. He felt that when the deal lost money, Jones would be blamed and he could then get rid of Jones with the blessing of the president. Jones brought the miscalculations and conduct of Brundel to the attention of the resident of the company. The president called Brundel into the office, confronted him with what he had done and it was at this point that Brundel broke down, confessed his misconduct and explained that because of his age he felt threatened by Jones and worried that he would lose his position to her. The president fired Brundel outright, and then went to the offices of the mining company. He met with the vice-president of finance, Li, and presented him with a letter explaining the mistake and in a formal way revoking the bid that had been submitted the day before. Although the bids had not yet been opened, Li declared that even though he was very sympathetic to the problems of Valley Homes, he could not interfere with the integrity of the bidding process once the bid had been accepted by the company for consideration. He said that they would simply have to wait until that afternoon when the bids would be opened to determine their fate. When the bids were opened, not surprisingly, Valley Homes was the lowest bidder and their bid was then automatically accepted by Ace. The next day the president of Valley Homes and Jones met a management team of Ace headed by Li, where the problem was discussed. The Ace group confirmed their position but did indicate an understanding of the difficult position that Valley Homes found themselves in. They also pointed out that they realized that it was not in their interests to see Valley Homes fail and not be able to finish the job. They therefore agreed that if the project was satisfactorily completed on time, a bonus of would be paid to Valley Homes of half the difference between their price and the next lowest bid. This would allow Valley Homes to do just a little better than break even on the job, thus avoiding bankruptcy. It was also understood that there would likely be future dealings between these two companies and because of the good relations created in this meeting Valley Homes would give Ace Minerals an especially good deal on the next project. As the project proceeded, a series of payments were made to Valley Homes, all 59 days after the date specified in the contract. As is normally the case with these kinds of projects, there was a clause in the contract whereby Ace would not have to pay interest on any late payments so long as payment was received by Valley within 60 days of the day payable. Eventually the project was finished on time to the satisfaction of all parties, but the bonus was not paid. Valley Homes waited the specified 60 days and when the bonus was still not paid, they went to Lis office for an explanation. They learned at this time that Li had been replaced and they were invited to meet with the new vice-president of finance, Mr. Grey. He explained that over the months Ace had carefully monitored the project and the health of Valley Homes and had decided that they were in better financial shape than either party had anticipated. Bankruptcy was not a threat and therefore the mining company had decided not to pay the bonus. Mr. Grey went on to explain that they were entirely satisfied with the work that had been done and that Valley Homes should in no way take this failure to pay the bonus as an indication of dissatisfaction on their part with the company, the personnel, or the quality or timeliness of the work performed. In fact Greys final comment was that he hoped that the two companies would have many years of cooperative ventures in the future. Discuss the options available to Valley Homes in these circumstances. There is great uncertainty about what the present Anglo-Canadian law of mistake is. No two authors agree in their analysis and the same confusion exists in the case law. Reputable scholars often disagree about the interpretation of the same case. (Report on Amendment of the Law of Contract, at 252) In our case, Valley Homes v. Ace Minerals Corp. , we identified several legal issues that Valley Homes, a small manufacturing and selling prefabricated dwellings company, encountered from the moment they decided to submit a bid on the Ace Minerals project.

Parkinson Disease

Parkinson Disease Introduction Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurological disorders referred to as motor system disorders considering that these conditions are implicated in the loss of brain cells particularly dopamine-producing cells. As a result, Parkinson’s disease is recognized by four primary symptoms including stiffness or rigidity (of the trunk and limbs), bradykinesia, tremor or trembling (in the hands, arms, face, legs, and jaw), and postural instability.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Parkinson Disease specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, progression of the primary symptoms leads to more pronounced symptoms such as difficulties in carrying out simple tasks, talking, or walking. Additionally, PD is common among the elderly people above the age of 50 years with the early symptoms being subtle and gradual while individual differences are obvious in terms of disease progression. Here, progression of the primary symptoms results into more pronounced effects such as interference with normal physiological activities in the patient’s body. Moreover, PD is associated with depression; emotional changes; skin problems; constipation; sleep disruptions; and difficulties in speaking, swallowing, and chewing (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS], 2012a). Currently, there are no known diagnostic tests for PD, and hence, many doctors rely on medical histories and other neurological examinations for diagnosis. As a result, many challenges are encountered during PD diagnosis, and the accuracy of tests is not guaranteed. Moreover, differential diagnosis may be initiated to rule out the presence of other related conditions. On the other hand, there is no known cure for Parkinson’s disease, but various medications and therapeutic interventions, which provide remarkable symptomatic relief, are available (NINDS, 2012a; Claassen, van den Wilde nberg, Ridderinkhof, 2011; Wilkinson, Beigi, Lagnado, Jahanshahi, 2011; Tiihonen, Lankinen, Viemero, 2008). This research paper compares and contrasts the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions such as the administration of Levodopa, Carbidopa, anticholinergics, and other drugs; the deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgical therapy, and the cognitive-behavioral patient education programs in the reduction or management of symptoms in PD. Additionally, this paper will recommend the most appropriate approach to treating PD in addition to examining the neuro-physiological foundations of diseases and/or disorders, and the contemporary attitudes toward the three therapeutic interventions listed above.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Approaches to the Treatment of Parkinson’s disease Pharmacological Interventions Amid enormous progress in the treatment of PD in the last few years, Levodopa has been the most effective medical therapy for controlling symptoms in PD. Additionally, other drugs such as dopamine agonists (DA), non-dopaminergic agents, and catechol-o-methyl-transferase (COMT) inhibitors have shown considerable success in controlling PD symptoms (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008; Claassen et al., 2011). However, it is important to note that before initiating any form of medical therapy, there is the need to assess the levels of motor, sensory, autonomic, and mental impairment through correct diagnosis. Additionally, the medical interventions should be individualized for each patient. Accordingly, Levodopa is very effective in ameliorating bradykinesia-related symptoms in PD patients. Despite its efficacy, studies indicate that Levodopa is implicated in the development of motor complications (fluctuations and dyskinesias). However, the conventional preparation of Levodopa and Carbidopa improves the therapeutic efficacy of Levodopa . In addition, it is recommended that the onset of Levodopa therapy should be delayed to avoid the underlying motor complications associated with the drug (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008). In addition to the duration and cumulative dose of Levodopa therapy, other risk factors such as the genetic predispositions to PD have been implicated in the development of Levodopa-induced dyskinesias. As a result, reduction of the cumulative dosage, the use of antidyskinetic drugs, and surgery improves Levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Despite the effectiveness of Levodopa in controlling PD symptoms, studies indicate that the drug may be neurotoxic. Additionally, the duration of treatment with Levodopa has been implicated in the development of Levodopa-induced complications, which underlie delays in the initiation of Levodopa therapy until the PD symptoms start to interfere with the body functions and patient’s lifestyles (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008). As a result, it is recommended to use dopamine agon ists (DA) prior to initiating Levodopa therapy considering that DA agonists can improve PD symptoms, and hence, becoming an alternative to delaying the initiation of Levodopa therapy. The efficacy of DA agents depends on their ability to activate DA receptors by circumventing the synthesis of DA in the presynaptic membrane.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Parkinson Disease specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, studies indicate that the activation of D2 receptors in concurrence with D1 stimulation mediates the effects of DA agonists in terms of improving physiological and behavioral effects associated with PD. Among the DA agonists in use, Pramipexole is the most effective and safe drug, which can be administered as monotherapy, and hence, achieving Levodopa sparing, exerting neuroprotective effects, and improving PD clinical symptoms. However, studies indicate that Levodopa still remains superior to DA agonists in terms of providing prolonged motor control; longer life expectancy; and lower levels of hallucinations, edema, and vomiting in comparison to DA agonists (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008). In the early stages of PD treatment, non-dopaminergic drugs including anticholinergics and amantadine have been shown to provide similar levels of symptomatic relief as their dopaminergic counterparts. Most importantly, anticholinergics are effective in controlling tremors among young PD patients. However, the usefulness of anticholinergics in controlling PD symptoms has been limited by various side effects such as urinary complications, dry mouth, and cognitive impairment. Generally, pharmacological approaches to the treatment of PD are quite effective despite the underlying side effects. Additionally, it is important to individualize therapies on the basis of scientific rationale, which should aim at controlling symptoms and disease progression (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008). Deep Brain Stimul ation (DBS) Therapy Due to the underlying side effects associated with pharmacological approaches to PD treatment, contemporary studies aided by technological advancements have increased the understanding of the mechanisms regarding neurodegeneration, and therefore, providing effective therapeutic strategies to PD treatment such as DBS.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unlike the use of pharmacological agents for controlling PD symptoms, DBS employs surgical procedures to treat neurological symptoms such as tremor, walking problems, stiffness or rigidity, and slowed movement (National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke [NINDS], 2012b; Wilkinson et al., 2011). However, despite DBS providing an alternative approach to controlling many debilitating symptoms in comparison to pharmacological agents, its current use is limited to patients whose response to medications is inadequate. Basically, DBS is a cognitive approach to treating PD, which utilizes a surgically implanted neurostimulator to send electrical signals to specific sections of the brain particularly the areas controlling movement. As a result, the artificial signals block the abnormal signals implicated in the development of essential tremor and other PD symptoms. In comparison to pharmacological agents whose administration is aided by diagnostic tests, which may be inaccurate an d unreliable, DBS surgical therapy is aided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT) techniques for initial PD diagnosis. These techniques are used to scan the brain in order to locate the exact position of nerve signals, which produce PD symptoms (NINDS, 2012b; Jankovic Aguilar, 2008; Wilkinson et al., 2011). Additionally, DBS surgical therapy may involve the use of microelectrode recording devices to monitor nerve cells within a specific area to identify and locate precise brain targets more accurately. In most cases, initial PD diagnosis identifies and locates the globus pallidus, thalamus, and subthalamic nucleus as the target areas within the brain, which are subject to abnormal nerve functioning. Therefore, it is evident that the initiation of DBS surgical therapy is founded on accurate determination of specific brain regions exhibiting abnormal nervous functioning in order to administer accurate symptomatic interventions. Compared to pharmacological ag ents whose targets are non-specific, DBS surgical therapy is more specific, and achieves remarkable symptomatic relief in real-time (Jankovic Aguilar, 2008; Wilkinson et al., 2011). Accordingly, the basic DBS system includes the lead, the extension, and the neurostimulator. After identifying and locating the target area, the lead (electrode) is inserted through the skull with the tip of the lead reaching the target area. The extension (electrical wire) connects the lead to the neurostimulator, and in most cases, it passes under the skin around the head, neck, and shoulders. The neurostimulator is a battery-operated device inserted under the skin around the collarbone, chest, or the abdomen. Upon installation, artificial electrical impulses are delivered right from the neurostimulator through the extension to the lead, and finally to the targeted areas in the brain. As the impulses reach the brain, they interfere or block the activities of abnormal nerve signals, which produce PD sy mptoms, and hence providing immediate and prolonged symptomatic relief. In comparison to pharmacological agents, DBS surgical therapy is an effective PD treatment strategy that achieves symptomatic relief with minimal or no side effects. Furthermore, DBS does not cause damage to brain tissues or nerve cells as opposed to earlier surgical procedures (NINDS, 2012b). Most importantly, the stimulation generated by the neurostimulator can be adjusted whenever the patients begin to show remarkable improvement. However, most PD patients are required to take their medications post-DBS treatment, but studies indicate that a good number of patients experience low levels of PD symptoms after undergoing DBS surgery, and therefore, the frequency of taking medications is greatly reduced. Consequently, the reduced frequency of medication intake improves the associated side effects including dyskinesias (NINDS, 2012b). Cognitive-Behavioral Patient Education Programs From the foregoing discussions, it is apparent that both the pharmacological agents and surgical therapies improve various PD symptoms with remarkable effectiveness. However, none of the two therapeutic interventions seeks to address other aspects of PD such as the patients’ quality of life, psychosocial welfare, and depression. As a result, the cognitive-behavioral patient education programs for persons with PD are alternative symptom management approaches to treating PD through evaluating the patients’ capacity to adjust to the disease symptoms, training the patients to cope with symptoms, and providing supportive services (Tiihonen et al., 2008). Therefore, the initial approaches to these programs entail measuring the psychosocial effects of disease symptoms. For example, it is recognized that PD affects both the primary motor functions of patients and the psychological/social functions of patients through the physical symptoms, which influence the patients’ normal activities. Therefore, th e primary symptoms may lead to other secondary symptoms such as depression, social stress, lack of motivation, and lack of emotions. The prevalence of depression among PD patients ranges from 7-70%. Additionally, the motor symptoms associated with PD have been associated with social stigmatization. Subsequently, the behavioral symptoms may as well worsen the primary motor symptoms. For instance, studies indicate that stress increases the negative effects of motor symptoms in patients with PD. As a result, the synergistic association between the primary and secondary PD symptoms is a matter of concern for many scientists. Consequently, many researchers have recommended various intervention approaches aiming at reducing the psychosocial consequences of PD. Here, patient education forms the basis for supporting patients through their efforts to improve their lives. Therefore, patient education complements the work of medical and surgical treatments. Moreover patient education dissemina tes knowledge and instrumental skills to persons with PD in order to increase capacity in terms of self-management (managing behavioral and emotional stressors). Basically, the programs utilize stress resistance training, relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, and social skills training to achieve various goals particularly improving self-management skills among the patients (Tiihonen et al., 2008). Therefore, compared to the other two therapeutic interventions, cognitive-behavioral programs employ different approaches toward reducing psychosocial consequences of PD, which are directly associated with motor symptoms. Overall, this is a very effective therapeutic strategy compared to the other two in ameliorating the psychosocial symptoms of PD such as depression and social stigmatization. Hence, it is obvious from the foregoing discussions that no one therapeutic intervention is effective in controlling all the symptoms associated with PD. This is because pharmacological agen ts have side effects despite their remarkable efficacy in controlling some of the PD symptoms. On the other hand, DBS surgical therapy is quite effective in reducing a good number of PD symptoms, but it must be used concurrently with other medical therapies. Further, cognitive-behavioral approaches to treating PD are very effective in reducing psychosocial consequences of PD with minimal or no effect to motor symptoms of PD. As a result, the most effective approach to treating PD should entail the use of all the three treatment options. The reason why the three treatment options will work together is that they complement one another. For example, pharmacological agents cannot achieve complete treatment due to inherent limitations and side effects, and thus, DBS surgical therapy may compensate for these limitations. Conversely, the two treatment options may not be effective in controlling psychosocial symptoms of PD, and therefore, cognitive-behavioral therapies should come into play . The Neuro-physiological underpinnings of Diseases and Disorders The discussions above highlight different approaches to diagnosing and treating PD, which is a neurological disorder or disease. Therefore, it is important to analyze the scientific foundations underlying these approaches. Over the years, scientists in the field of clinical neurophysiology have been involved in neuro-physiological studies with the aim of providing insights into the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases and disorders. Here, these scientists measure and assess the activities of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the skeletal muscles using various neuro-physiological procedures. The most common procedures underlying various neuro-physiological studies include polysomnography, EMG, EEG, MEG, movement monitoring, and intraoperative monitoring among others (Walton, 2001). Some of these procedures such as EEG and EMG are employed in the measurement of direct signals or potentials originating from the body systems or muscles. These mechanisms underlie the process of identifying and locating specific target areas exhibiting abnormal functions as noted earlier. On the other hand, chemical and mechanical techniques are used in measuring various parameters such as respiratory effort, blood pressure, behavioral monitoring, oxygen saturation, and body motion among others. Moreover, these techniques may be used together or separately for epilepsy monitoring, neonatal EEG recording, and movement analysis (Walton, 2003). Therefore, the correct selection and application of the procedures described above requires that one understands the scientific foundations of clinical neurology and normal neurophysiology in order to identify and locate abnormal functions associated with different neurological diseases and disorders under investigation. Here, it is important to note that the specialty of clinical neurophysiology deals with many diseases and disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, polyneuropathies, myopathies, epilepsy, dementia, sleep disorders, developmental or genetic disorders, and many more (Walton, 2003). On the other hand, with the advent of the current technological advancements, more accurate and faster procedures of diagnosis are becoming available to the field of neurophysiology. As a result, there is the need to embrace the efficiency and effectiveness that comes with the new technologies by incorporating them into the existing procedures in order to realize the full benefits of both. Currently, many people are of the opinion that the current diagnostic procedures and even the therapeutic interventions for different diseases and disorders are not adequate or effective in one way or another. Consequently, these contemporary attitudes toward the current procedures and treatment options will guide the future of diagnosis and treatment of various neurological diseases/disorders including Parkinson’s disease. Ultim ately, the future of treatment approaches for PD will be marked by the advent of more advanced procedures, which will utilize the neuro-physiological foundations underlying the three treatment options described in the foregoing discussions. Besides the future treatment strategies will be tailored to fit into the requirements of individualized therapies. References Claassen, D.O., van den Wildenberg, W.P.M., Ridderinkhof, K.R. (2011). The risky business of dopamine agonists in Parkinson Disease and impulse control disorders. Behavioral Neuroscience, 125(4), 492-500. Jankovic, J., Aguilar, L.G. (2008). Current approaches to the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat., 4(4), 743-757. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS]. (2012a). NINDS Parkinson’s disease. USA: National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS]. (2012b). NINDS Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s disease. USA: National Institutes of Health. Tiihonen, S., Lankinen, A., Viemero, V. (2008). An evaluation of a cognitive behavioral patient education program for persons with Parkinson’s disease in Finland. Nordic Psychology, 60(4), 316-331. Walton, J. (2001). Neurology-history: The oxford companion to medicine. New York: Oxford University Press. Wilkinson, L., Beigi, M., Lagnado, D.A., Jahanshahi, M. (2011). Deep Brain Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus selectively improves learning of weakly associated cue combinations during probabilistic classification learning in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychology, 25(3), 286-294.